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1 This file contains information about GCC releases up to GCC 2.8.1, and
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2 a tiny bit of information on EGCS.
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3
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4 For details of changes in EGCS releases and GCC 2.95 and later releases,
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5 see the release notes on the GCC web site or the file NEWS which contains
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6 the most relevant parts of those release notes in text form.
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7
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8 Changes in GCC for EGCS (that are not listed in the web release notes)
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9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
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10
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11 The compiler now supports the "ADDRESSOF" optimization which can significantly
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12 reduce the overhead for certain inline calls (and inline calls in general).
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13
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14 Compile time for certain programs using large constant initializers has been
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15 improved (affects glibc significantly).
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16
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17 Various improvements have been made to better support cross compilations. They
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18 are still not easy, but they are improving.
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19
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20 Target-specific changes:
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21
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22 M32r: Major improvements to this port.
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23
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24 Arm: Includes Thumb and super interworking support.
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25
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26 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.8.1
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27 ---------------------------------------
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28
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29 Numerous bugs have been fixed and some minor performance
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30 improvements (compilation speed) have been made.
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31
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32 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.8.0
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33 ---------------------------------------
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34
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35 A major change in this release is the addition of a framework for
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36 exception handling, currently used by C++. Many internal changes and
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37 optimization improvements have been made. These increase the
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38 maintainability and portability of GCC. GCC now uses autoconf to
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39 compute many host parameters.
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40
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41 The following lists changes that add new features or targets.
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42
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43 See cp/NEWS for new features of C++ in this release.
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44
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45 New tools and features:
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46
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47 The Dwarf 2 debugging information format is supported on ELF systems, and
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48 is the default for -ggdb where available. It can also be used for C++.
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49 The Dwarf version 1 debugging format is also permitted for C++, but
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50 does not work well.
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51
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52 gcov.c is provided for test coverage analysis and branch profiling
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53 analysis is also supported; see -fprofile-arcs, -ftest-coverage,
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54 and -fbranch-probabilities.
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55
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56 Support for the Checker memory checking tool.
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57
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58 New switch, -fstack-check, to check for stack overflow on systems that
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59 don't have such built into their ABI.
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60
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61 New switches, -Wundef and -Wno-undef to warn if an undefined identifier
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62 is evaluated in an #if directive.
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63
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64 Options -Wall and -Wimplicit now cause GCC to warn about implicit int
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65 in declarations (e.g. `register i;'), since the C Standard committee
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66 has decided to disallow this in the next revision of the standard;
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67 -Wimplicit-function-declarations and -Wimplicit-int are subsets of
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68 this.
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69
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70 Option -Wsign-compare causes GCC to warn about comparison of signed and
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71 unsigned values.
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72
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73 Add -dI option of cccp for cxref.
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74
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75 New features in configuration, installation and specs file handling:
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76
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77 New option --enable-c-cpplib to configure script.
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78
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79 You can use --with-cpu on the configure command to specify the default
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80 CPU that GCC should generate code for.
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81
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82 The -specs=file switch allows you to override default specs used in
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83 invoking programs like cc1, as, etc.
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84
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85 Allow including one specs file from another and renaming a specs
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86 variable.
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87
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88 You can now relocate all GCC files with a single environment variable
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89 or a registry entry under Windows 95 and Windows NT.
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90
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91 Changes in Objective-C:
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92
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93 The Objective-C Runtime Library has been made thread-safe.
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94
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95 The Objective-C Runtime Library contains an interface for creating
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96 mutexes, condition mutexes, and threads; it requires a back-end
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97 implementation for the specific platform and/or thread package.
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98 Currently supported are DEC/OSF1, IRIX, Mach, OS/2, POSIX, PCThreads,
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99 Solaris, and Windows32. The --enable-threads parameter can be used
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100 when configuring GCC to enable and select a thread back-end.
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101
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102 Objective-C is now configured as separate front-end language to GCC,
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103 making it more convenient to conditionally build it.
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104
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105 The internal structures of the Objective-C Runtime Library have
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106 changed sufficiently to warrant a new version number; now version 8.
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107 Programs compiled with an older version must be recompiled.
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108
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109 The Objective-C Runtime Library can be built as a DLL on Windows 95
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110 and Windows NT systems.
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111
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112 The Objective-C Runtime Library implements +load.
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113
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114 The following new targets are supported (see also list under each
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115 individual CPU below):
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116
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117 Embedded target m32r-elf.
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118 Embedded Hitachi Super-H using ELF.
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119 RTEMS real-time system on various CPU targets.
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120 ARC processor.
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121 NEC V850 processor.
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122 Matsushita MN10200 processor.
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123 Matsushita MN10300 processor.
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124 Sparc and PowerPC running on VxWorks.
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125 Support both glibc versions 1 and 2 on Linux-based GNU systems.
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126
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127 New features for DEC Alpha systems:
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128
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129 Allow detailed specification of IEEE fp support:
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130 -mieee, -mieee-with-inexact, and -mieee-conformant
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131 -mfp-trap-mode=xxx, -mfp-round-mode=xxx, -mtrap-precision=xxx
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132 -mcpu=xxx for CPU selection
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133 Support scheduling parameters for EV5.
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134 Add support for BWX, CIX, and MAX instruction set extensions.
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135 Support Linux-based GNU systems.
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136 Support VMS.
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137
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138 Additional supported processors and systems for MIPS targets:
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139
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140 MIPS4 instruction set.
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141 R4100, R4300 and R5000 processors.
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142 N32 and N64 ABI.
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143 IRIX 6.2.
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144 SNI SINIX.
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145
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146 New features for Intel x86 family:
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147
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148 Add scheduling parameters for Pentium and Pentium Pro.
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149 Support stabs on Solaris-x86.
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150 Intel x86 processors running the SCO OpenServer 5 family.
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151 Intel x86 processors running DG/UX.
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152 Intel x86 using Cygwin32 or Mingw32 on Windows 95 and Windows NT.
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153
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154 New features for Motorola 68k family:
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155
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156 Support for 68060 processor.
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157 More consistent switches to specify processor.
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158 Motorola 68k family running AUX.
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159 68040 running pSOS, ELF object files, DBX debugging.
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160 Coldfire variant of Motorola m68k family.
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161
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162 New features for the HP PA RISC:
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163
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164 -mspace and -mno-space
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165 -mlong-load-store and -mno-long-load-store
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166 -mbig-switch -mno-big-switch
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167
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168 GCC on the PA requires either gas-2.7 or the HP assembler; for best
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169 results using GAS is highly recommended. GAS is required for -g and
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170 exception handling support.
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171
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172 New features for SPARC-based systems:
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173
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174 The ultrasparc cpu.
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175 The sparclet cpu, supporting only a.out file format.
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176 Sparc running SunOS 4 with the GNU assembler.
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177 Sparc running the Linux-based GNU system.
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178 Embedded Sparc processors running the ELF object file format.
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179 -mcpu=xxx
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180 -mtune=xxx
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181 -malign-loops=xxx
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182 -malign-jumps=xxx
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183 -malign-functions=xxx
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184 -mimpure-text and -mno-impure-text
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185
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186 Options -mno-v8 and -mno-sparclite are no longer supported on SPARC
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187 targets. Options -mcypress, -mv8, -msupersparc, -msparclite, -mf930,
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188 and -mf934 are deprecated and will be deleted in GCC 2.9. Use
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189 -mcpu=xxx instead.
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190
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191 New features for rs6000 and PowerPC systems:
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192
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193 Solaris 2.51 running on PowerPC's.
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194 The Linux-based GNU system running on PowerPC's.
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195 -mcpu=604e,602,603e,620,801,823,mpc505,821,860,power2
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196 -mtune=xxx
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197 -mrelocatable-lib, -mno-relocatable-lib
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198 -msim, -mmve, -memb
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199 -mupdate, -mno-update
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200 -mfused-madd, -mno-fused-madd
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201
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202 -mregnames
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203 -meabi
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204 -mcall-linux, -mcall-solaris, -mcall-sysv-eabi, -mcall-sysv-noeabi
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205 -msdata, -msdata=none, -msdata=default, -msdata=sysv, -msdata=eabi
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206 -memb, -msim, -mmvme
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207 -myellowknife, -mads
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208 wchar_t is now of type long as per the ABI, not unsigned short.
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209 -p/-pg support
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210 -mcpu=403 now implies -mstrict-align.
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211 Implement System V profiling.
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212
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213 Aix 4.1 GCC targets now default to -mcpu=common so that programs
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214 compiled can be moved between rs6000 and powerpc based systems. A
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215 consequence of this is that -static won't work, and that some programs
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216 may be slightly slower.
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217
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218 You can select the default value to use for -mcpu=xxx on rs6000 and
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219 powerpc targets by using the --with-cpu=xxx option when configuring the
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220 compiler. In addition, a new options, -mtune=xxx was added that
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221 selects the machine to schedule for but does not select the
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222 architecture level.
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223
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224 Directory names used for storing the multilib libraries on System V
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225 and embedded PowerPC systems have been shortened to work with commands
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226 like tar that have fixed limits on pathname size.
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227
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228 New features for the Hitachi H8/300(H):
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229
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230 -malign-300
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231 -ms (for the Hitachi H8/S processor)
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232 -mint32
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233
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234 New features for the ARM:
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235
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236 -march=xxx, -mtune=xxx, -mcpu=xxx
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237 Support interworking with Thumb code.
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238 ARM processor with a.out object format, COFF, or AOF assembler.
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239 ARM on "semi-hosted" platform.
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240 ARM running NetBSD.
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241 ARM running the Linux-based GNU system.
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242
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243 New feature for Solaris systems:
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244
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245 GCC installation no longer makes a copy of system include files,
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246 thus insulating GCC better from updates to the operating system.
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247
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248
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249 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.7.2
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250 ---------------------------------------
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251
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252 A few bugs have been fixed (most notably the generation of an
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253 invalid assembler opcode on some RS/6000 systems).
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254
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255 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.7.1
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256 ---------------------------------------
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257
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258 This release fixes numerous bugs (mostly minor) in GCC 2.7.0, but
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259 also contains a few new features, mostly related to specific targets.
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260
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261 Major changes have been made in code to support Windows NT.
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262
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263 The following new targets are supported:
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264
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265 2.9 BSD on PDP-11
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266 Linux on m68k
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267 HP/UX version 10 on HP PA RISC (treated like version 9)
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268 DEC Alpha running Windows NT
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269
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270 When parsing C, GCC now recognizes C++ style `//' comments unless you
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271 specify `-ansi' or `-traditional'.
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272
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273 The PowerPC System V targets (powerpc-*-sysv, powerpc-*-eabi) now use the
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274 calling sequence specified in the System V Application Binary Interface
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275 Processor Supplement (PowerPC Processor ABI Supplement) rather than the calling
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276 sequence used in GCC version 2.7.0. That calling sequence was based on the AIX
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277 calling sequence without function descriptors. To compile code for that older
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278 calling sequence, either configure the compiler for powerpc-*-eabiaix or use
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279 the -mcall-aix switch when compiling and linking.
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280
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281 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.7.0
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282 ---------------------------------------
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283
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284 GCC now works better on systems that use ".obj" and ".exe" instead of
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285 ".o" and no extension. This involved changes to the driver program,
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286 gcc.c, to convert ".o" names to ".obj" and to GCC's Makefile to use
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287 ".obj" and ".exe" in filenames that are not targets. In order to
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288 build GCC on such systems, you may need versions of GNU make and/or
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289 compatible shells. At this point, this support is preliminary.
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290
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291 Object file extensions of ".obj" and executable file extensions of
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292 ".exe" are allowed when using appropriate version of GNU Make.
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293
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294 Numerous enhancements were made to the __attribute__ facility including
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295 more attributes and more places that support it. We now support the
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296 "packed", "nocommon", "noreturn", "volatile", "const", "unused",
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297 "transparent_union", "constructor", "destructor", "mode", "section",
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298 "align", "format", "weak", and "alias" attributes. Each of these
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299 names may also be specified with added underscores, e.g., "__packed__".
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300 __attribute__ may now be applied to parameter definitions, function
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301 definitions, and structure, enum, and union definitions.
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302
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303 GCC now supports returning more structures in registers, as specified by
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304 many calling sequences (ABIs), such as on the HP PA RISC.
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305
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306 A new option '-fpack-struct' was added to automatically pack all structure
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307 members together without holes.
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308
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309 There is a new library (cpplib) and program (cppmain) that at some
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310 point will replace cpp (aka cccp). To use cppmain as cpp now, pass
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311 the option CCCP=cppmain to make. The library is already used by the
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312 fix-header program, which should speed up the fixproto script.
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313
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314 New options for supported targets:
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315
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316 GNU on many targets.
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317 NetBSD on MIPS, m68k, VAX, and x86.
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318 LynxOS on x86, m68k, Sparc, and RS/6000.
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319 VxWorks on many targets.
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320
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321 Windows/NT on x86 architecture. Initial support for Windows/NT on Alpha
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322 (not fully working).
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323
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324 Many embedded targets, specifically UDI on a29k, aout, coff, elf,
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325 and vsta "operating systems" on m68k, m88k, mips, sparc, and x86.
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326
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327 Additional support for x86 (i386, i486, and Pentium):
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328
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329 Work with old and new linkers for Linux-based GNU systems,
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330 supporting both a.out and ELF.
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331 FreeBSD on x86.
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332 Stdcall convention.
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333 -malign-double, -mregparm=, -malign-loops= and -malign-jumps= switches.
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334 On ISC systems, support -Xp like -posix.
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335
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336 Additions for RS/6000:
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337
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338 Instruction scheduling information for PowerPC 403.
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339 AIX 4.1 on PowerPC.
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340 -mstring and -mno-string.
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341 -msoft-float and floating-point emulation included.
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342 Preliminary support for PowerPC System V.4 with or without the GNU as.
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343 Preliminary support for EABI.
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344 Preliminary support for 64-bit systems.
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345 Both big and little endian systems.
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346
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347 New features for MIPS-based systems:
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348
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349 r4650.
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350 mips4 and R8000.
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351 Irix 6.0.
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352 64-bit ABI.
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353 Allow dollar signs in labels on SGI/Irix 5.x.
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354
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355 New support for HP PA RISC:
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356
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357 Generation of PIC (requires binutils-2.5.2.u6 or later).
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358 HP-UX version 9 on HP PA RISC (dynamically links even with -g).
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359 Processor variants for HP PA RISC: 700, 7100, and 7100LC.
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360 Automatic generation of long calls when needed.
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361 -mfast-indirect-calls for kernels and static binaries.
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362
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363 The called routine now copies arguments passed by invisible reference,
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364 as required by the calling standard.
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365
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366 Other new miscellaneous target-specific support:
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367
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368 -mno-multm on a29k.
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369 -mold-align for i960.
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370 Configuration for "semi-hosted" ARM.
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371 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer for M88k.
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372 SH3 variant of Hitachi Super-H and support both big and little endian.
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373
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374 Changes to Objective-C:
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375
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376 Bare-bones implementation of NXConstantString has been added,
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377 which is invoked by the @"string" directive.
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378
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379 Class * has been changed to Class to conform to the NextSTEP and
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380 OpenStep runtime.
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381
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382 Enhancements to make dynamic loading easier.
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383
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384 The module version number has been updated to Version 7, thus existing
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385 code will need to be recompiled to use the current run-time library.
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386
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387 GCC now supports the ISO Normative Addendum 1 to the C Standard.
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388 As a result:
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389
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390 The header <iso646.h> defines macros for C programs written
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391 in national variants of ISO 646.
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392
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393 The following digraph tokens are supported:
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394 <: :> <% %> %: %:%:
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395 These behave like the following, respectively:
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|
396 [ ] { } # ##
|
|
|
397
|
|
|
398 Digraph tokens are supported unless you specify the `-traditional'
|
|
|
399 option; you do not need to specify `-ansi' or `-trigraphs'. Except
|
|
|
400 for contrived and unlikely examples involving preprocessor
|
|
|
401 stringizing, digraph interpretation doesn't change the meaning of
|
|
|
402 programs; this is unlike trigraph interpretation, which changes the
|
|
|
403 meanings of relatively common strings.
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
405 The macro __STDC_VERSION__ has the value 199409L.
|
|
|
406
|
|
|
407 As usual, for full conformance to the standard, you also need a
|
|
|
408 C library that conforms.
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
410 The following lists changes that have been made to g++. If some
|
|
|
411 features mentioned below sound unfamiliar, you will probably want to
|
|
|
412 look at the recently-released public review copy of the C++ Working
|
|
|
413 Paper. For PostScript and PDF (Adobe Acrobat) versions, see the
|
|
|
414 archive at ftp://research.att.com/dist/stdc++/WP. For HTML and ASCII
|
|
|
415 versions, see ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/g++. On the web, see
|
|
|
416 http://www.cygnus.com/~mrs/wp-draft.
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
418 The scope of variables declared in the for-init-statement has been changed
|
|
|
419 to conform to http://www.cygnus.com/~mrs/wp-draft/stmt.html#stmt.for; as a
|
|
|
420 result, packages such as groff 1.09 will not compile unless you specify the
|
|
|
421 -fno-for-scope flag. PLEASE DO NOT REPORT THIS AS A BUG; this is a change
|
|
|
422 mandated by the C++ standardization committee.
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
424 Binary incompatibilities:
|
|
|
425
|
|
|
426 The builtin 'bool' type is now the size of a machine word on RISC targets,
|
|
|
427 for code efficiency; it remains one byte long on CISC targets.
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
429 Code that does not use #pragma interface/implementation will most
|
|
|
430 likely shrink dramatically, as g++ now only emits the vtable for a
|
|
|
431 class in the translation unit where its first non-inline, non-abstract
|
|
|
432 virtual function is defined.
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
434 Classes that do not define the copy constructor will sometimes be
|
|
|
435 passed and returned in registers. This may illuminate latent bugs in
|
|
|
436 your code.
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
438 Support for automatic template instantiation has *NOT* been added, due
|
|
|
439 to a disagreement over design philosophies.
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 Support for exception handling has been improved; more targets are now
|
|
|
442 supported, and throws will use the RTTI mechanism to match against the
|
|
|
443 catch parameter type. Optimization is NOT SUPPORTED with
|
|
|
444 -fhandle-exceptions; no need to report this as a bug.
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
446 Support for Run-Time Type Identification has been added with -frtti.
|
|
|
447 This support is still in alpha; one major restriction is that any file
|
|
|
448 compiled with -frtti must include <typeinfo.h>.
|
|
|
449
|
|
|
450 Preliminary support for namespaces has been added. This support is far
|
|
|
451 from complete, and probably not useful.
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
453 Synthesis of compiler-generated constructors, destructors and
|
|
|
454 assignment operators is now deferred until the functions are used.
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
456 The parsing of expressions such as `a ? b : c = 1' has changed from
|
|
|
457 `(a ? b : c) = 1' to `a : b ? (c = 1)'.
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
459 The code generated for testing conditions, especially those using ||
|
|
|
460 and &&, is now more efficient.
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
462 The operator keywords and, and_eq, bitand, bitor, compl, not, not_eq,
|
|
|
463 or, or_eq, xor and xor_eq are now supported. Use -ansi or
|
|
|
464 -foperator-names to enable them.
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
466 The 'explicit' keyword is now supported. 'explicit' is used to mark
|
|
|
467 constructors and type conversion operators that should not be used
|
|
|
468 implicitly.
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
470 g++ now accepts the typename keyword, though it currently has no
|
|
|
471 semantics; it can be a no-op in the current template implementation.
|
|
|
472 You may want to start using it in your code, however, since the
|
|
|
473 pending rewrite of the template implementation to compile STL properly
|
|
|
474 (perhaps for 2.8.0, perhaps not) will require you to use it as
|
|
|
475 indicated by the current draft.
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
477 Handling of user-defined type conversion has been overhauled so that
|
|
|
478 type conversion operators are now found and used properly in
|
|
|
479 expressions and function calls.
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
481 -fno-strict-prototype now only applies to function declarations with
|
|
|
482 "C" linkage.
|
|
|
483
|
|
|
484 g++ now warns about 'if (x=0)' with -Wparentheses or -Wall.
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
486 #pragma weak and #pragma pack are supported on System V R4 targets, as
|
|
|
487 are various other target-specific #pragmas supported by gcc.
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
489 new and delete of const types is now allowed (with no additional
|
|
|
490 semantics).
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
492 Explicit instantiation of template methods is now supported. Also,
|
|
|
493 'inline template class foo<int>;' can be used to emit only the vtable
|
|
|
494 for a template class.
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
496 With -fcheck-new, g++ will check the return value of all calls to
|
|
|
497 operator new, and not attempt to modify a returned null pointer.
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
499 The template instantiation code now handles more conversions when
|
|
|
500 passing to a parameter that does not depend on template arguments.
|
|
|
501 This means that code like 'string s; cout << s;' now works.
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
503 Invalid jumps in a switch statement past declarations that require
|
|
|
504 initializations are now caught.
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 Functions declared 'extern inline' now have the same linkage semantics
|
|
|
507 as inline member functions. On supported targets, where previously
|
|
|
508 these functions (and vtables, and template instantiations) would have
|
|
|
509 been defined statically, they will now be defined as weak symbols so
|
|
|
510 that only one out-of-line definition is used.
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 collect2 now demangles linker output, and c++filt has become part of
|
|
|
513 the gcc distribution.
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.6.3:
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
517 A few more bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
519 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.6.2:
|
|
|
520
|
|
|
521 A few bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
523 Names of attributes can now be preceded and followed by double underscores.
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
525 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.6.1:
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
527 Numerous (mostly minor) bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
529 The following new configurations are supported:
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
531 GNU on x86 (instead of treating it like MACH)
|
|
|
532 NetBSD on Sparc and Motorola 68k
|
|
|
533 AIX 4.1 on RS/6000 and PowerPC systems
|
|
|
534 Sequent DYNIX/ptx 1.x and 2.x.
|
|
|
535 Both COFF and ELF configurations on AViiON without using /bin/gcc
|
|
|
536 Windows/NT on x86 architecture; preliminary
|
|
|
537 AT&T DSP1610 digital signal processor chips
|
|
|
538 i960 systems on bare boards using COFF
|
|
|
539 PDP11; target only and not extensively tested
|
|
|
540
|
|
|
541 The -pg option is now supported for Alpha under OSF/1 V3.0 or later.
|
|
|
542
|
|
|
543 Files with an extension of ".c++" are treated as C++ code.
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
545 The -Xlinker and -Wl arguments are now passed to the linker in the
|
|
|
546 position they were specified on the command line. This makes it
|
|
|
547 possible, for example, to pass flags to the linker about specific
|
|
|
548 object files.
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
550 The use of positional arguments to the configure script is no longer
|
|
|
551 recommended. Use --target= to specify the target; see the GCC manual.
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 The 386 now supports two new switches: -mreg-alloc=<string> changes
|
|
|
554 the default register allocation order used by the compiler, and
|
|
|
555 -mno-wide-multiply disables the use of the mul/imul instructions that
|
|
|
556 produce 64 bit results in EAX:EDX from 32 bit operands to do long long
|
|
|
557 multiplies and 32-bit division by constants.
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
559 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.6.0:
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
561 Numerous bugs have been fixed, in the C and C++ front-ends, as
|
|
|
562 well as in the common compiler code.
|
|
|
563
|
|
|
564 This release includes the C, Objective-C, and C++ compilers. However,
|
|
|
565 we have moved the files for the C++ compiler (G++) files to a
|
|
|
566 subdirectory, cp. Subsequent releases of GCC will split these files
|
|
|
567 to a separate TAR file.
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
569 The G++ team has been tracking the development of the ANSI standard for C++.
|
|
|
570 Here are some new features added from the latest working paper:
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 * built-in boolean type 'bool', with constants 'true' and 'false'.
|
|
|
573 * array new and delete (operator new [] and delete []).
|
|
|
574 * WP-conforming lifetime of temporaries.
|
|
|
575 * explicit instantiation of templates (template class A<int>;),
|
|
|
576 along with an option (-fno-implicit-templates) to disable emission
|
|
|
577 of implicitly instantiated templates, obsoletes -fexternal-templates.
|
|
|
578 * static member constants (static const int foo = 4; within the
|
|
|
579 class declaration).
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
581 Many error messages have been improved to tell the user more about the
|
|
|
582 problem. Conformance checking with -pedantic-errors has been
|
|
|
583 improved. G++ now compiles Fresco.
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
585 There is now an experimental implementation of virtual functions using
|
|
|
586 thunks instead of Cfront-style vtables, enabled with -fvtable-thunks.
|
|
|
587 This option also enables a heuristic which causes the compiler to only
|
|
|
588 emit the vtable in the translation unit where its first non-inline
|
|
|
589 virtual function is defined; using this option and
|
|
|
590 -fno-implicit-templates, users should be able to avoid #pragma
|
|
|
591 interface/implementation altogether.
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
593 Signatures have been added as a GNU C++ extension. Using the option
|
|
|
594 -fhandle-signatures, users are able to turn on recognition of
|
|
|
595 signatures. A short introduction on signatures is in the section
|
|
|
596 `Extension to the C++ Language' in the manual.
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
598 The `g++' program is now a C program, rather than a shell script.
|
|
|
599
|
|
|
600 Lots and lots and lots of bugs fixes, in nested types, access control,
|
|
|
601 pointers to member functions, the parser, templates, overload
|
|
|
602 resolution, etc, etc.
|
|
|
603
|
|
|
604 There have been two major enhancements to the Objective-C compiler:
|
|
|
605
|
|
|
606 1) Added portability. It now runs on Alpha, and some problems with
|
|
|
607 message forwarding have been addressed on other platforms.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 2) Selectors have been redefined to be pointers to structs like:
|
|
|
610 { void *sel_id, char *sel_types }, where the sel_id is the unique
|
|
|
611 identifier, the selector itself is no longer unique.
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
613 Programmers should use the new function sel_eq to test selector
|
|
|
614 equivalence.
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616 The following major changes have been made to the base compiler and
|
|
|
617 machine-specific files.
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
619 - The MIL-STD-1750A is a new port, but still preliminary.
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
621 - The h8/300h is now supported; both the h8/300 and h8/300h ports come
|
|
|
622 with 32 bit IEEE 754 software floating point support.
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
624 - The 64-bit Sparc (v9) and 64-bit MIPS chips are supported.
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
626 - NetBSD is supported on m68k, Intel x86, and pc523 systems and FreeBSD
|
|
|
627 on x86.
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629 - COFF is supported on x86, m68k, and Sparc systems running LynxOS.
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 - 68K systems from Bull and Concurrent are supported and System V
|
|
|
632 Release 4 is supported on the Atari.
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 - GCC supports GAS on the Motorola 3300 (sysV68) and debugging
|
|
|
635 (assuming GAS) on the Plexus 68K system. (However, GAS does not yet
|
|
|
636 work on those systems).
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 - System V Release 4 is supported on MIPS (Tandem).
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640 - For DG/UX, an ELF configuration is now supported, and both the ELF
|
|
|
641 and BCS configurations support ELF and COFF object file formats.
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643 - OSF/1 V2.0 is supported on Alpha.
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
645 - Function profiling is also supported on Alpha.
|
|
|
646
|
|
|
647 - GAS and GDB is supported for Irix 5 (MIPS).
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
649 - "common mode" (code that will run on both POWER and PowerPC
|
|
|
650 architectures) is now supported for the RS/6000 family; the
|
|
|
651 compiler knows about more PPC chips.
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
653 - Both NeXTStep 2.1 and 3 are supported on 68k-based architectures.
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
655 - On the AMD 29k, the -msoft-float is now supported, as well as
|
|
|
656 -mno-sum-in-toc for RS/6000, -mapp-regs and -mflat for Sparc, and
|
|
|
657 -membedded-pic for MIPS.
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 - GCC can now convert division by integer constants into the equivalent
|
|
|
660 multiplication and shift operations when that is faster than the
|
|
|
661 division.
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
663 - Two new warning options, -Wbad-function-cast and
|
|
|
664 -Wmissing-declarations have been added.
|
|
|
665
|
|
|
666 - Configurations may now add machine-specific __attribute__ options on
|
|
|
667 type; many machines support the `section' attribute.
|
|
|
668
|
|
|
669 - The -ffast-math flag permits some optimization that violate strict
|
|
|
670 IEEE rules, such as converting X * 0.0 to 0.0.
|
|
|
671
|
|
|
672 Noteworthy changes in GCC version 2.5.8:
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
674 This release only fixes a few serious bugs. These include fixes for a
|
|
|
675 bug that prevented most programs from working on the RS/6000, a bug
|
|
|
676 that caused invalid assembler code for programs with a `switch'
|
|
|
677 statement on the NS32K, a G++ problem that caused undefined names in
|
|
|
678 some configurations, and several less serious problems, some of which
|
|
|
679 can affect most configuration.
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
681 Noteworthy change in GCC version 2.5.7:
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
683 This release only fixes a few bugs, one of which was causing bootstrap
|
|
|
684 compare errors on some systems.
|
|
|
685
|
|
|
686 Noteworthy change in GCC version 2.5.6:
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 A few backend bugs have been fixed, some of which only occur on one
|
|
|
689 machine.
|
|
|
690
|
|
|
691 The C++ compiler in 2.5.6 includes:
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
693 * fixes for some common crashes
|
|
|
694 * correct handling of nested types that are referenced as `foo::bar'
|
|
|
695 * spurious warnings about friends being declared static and never
|
|
|
696 defined should no longer appear
|
|
|
697 * enums that are local to a method in a class, or a class that's
|
|
|
698 local to a function, are now handled correctly. For example:
|
|
|
699 class foo { void bar () { enum { x, y } E; x; } };
|
|
|
700 void bar () { class foo { enum { x, y } E; E baz; }; }
|
|
|
701
|
|
|
702 Noteworthy change in GCC version 2.5.5:
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
704 A large number of C++ bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
706 The fixproto script adds prototypes conditionally on __cplusplus.
|
|
|
707
|
|
|
708 Noteworthy change in GCC version 2.5.4:
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
710 A bug fix in passing of structure arguments for the HP-PA architecture
|
|
|
711 makes code compiled with GCC 2.5.4 incompatible with code compiled
|
|
|
712 with earlier versions (if it passes struct arguments of 33 to 64 bits,
|
|
|
713 interspersed with other types of arguments).
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
715 Noteworthy change in gcc version 2.5.3:
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
717 The method of "mangling" C++ function names has been changed. So you
|
|
|
718 must recompile all C++ programs completely when you start using GCC
|
|
|
719 2.5. Also, GCC 2.5 requires libg++ version 2.5. Earlier libg++
|
|
|
720 versions won't work with GCC 2.5. (This is generally true--GCC
|
|
|
721 version M.N requires libg++ version M.N.)
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
723 Noteworthy GCC changes in version 2.5:
|
|
|
724
|
|
|
725 * There is now support for the IBM 370 architecture as a target.
|
|
|
726 Currently the only operating system supported is MVS; GCC does not run
|
|
|
727 on MVS, so you must produce .s files using GCC as a cross compiler,
|
|
|
728 then transfer them to MVS to assemble them. This port is not reliable
|
|
|
729 yet.
|
|
|
730
|
|
|
731 * The Power PC is now supported.
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
733 * The i860-based Paragon machine is now supported.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 * The Hitachi 3050 (an HP-PA machine) is now supported.
|
|
|
736
|
|
|
737 * The variable __GNUC_MINOR__ holds the minor version number of GCC, as
|
|
|
738 an integer. For version 2.5.X, the value is 5.
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 * In C, initializers for static and global variables are now processed
|
|
|
741 an element at a time, so that they don't need a lot of storage.
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
743 * The C syntax for specifying which structure field comes next in an
|
|
|
744 initializer is now `.FIELDNAME='. The corresponding syntax for
|
|
|
745 array initializers is now `[INDEX]='. For example,
|
|
|
746
|
|
|
747 char whitespace[256]
|
|
|
748 = { [' '] = 1, ['\t'] = 1, ['\n'] = 1 };
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
750 This was changed to accord with the syntax proposed by the Numerical
|
|
|
751 C Extensions Group (NCEG).
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
753 * Complex numbers are now supported in C. Use the keyword __complex__
|
|
|
754 to declare complex data types. See the manual for details.
|
|
|
755
|
|
|
756 * GCC now supports `long double' meaningfully on the Sparc (128-bit
|
|
|
757 floating point) and on the 386 (96-bit floating point). The Sparc
|
|
|
758 support is enabled on Solaris 2.x because earlier system versions
|
|
|
759 (SunOS 4) have bugs in the emulation.
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
761 * All targets now have assertions for cpu, machine and system. So you
|
|
|
762 can now use assertions to distinguish among all supported targets.
|
|
|
763
|
|
|
764 * Nested functions in C may now be inline. Just declare them inline
|
|
|
765 in the usual way.
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
767 * Packed structure members are now supported fully; it should be possible
|
|
|
768 to access them on any supported target, no matter how little alignment
|
|
|
769 they have.
|
|
|
770
|
|
|
771 * To declare that a function does not return, you must now write
|
|
|
772 something like this (works only in 2.5):
|
|
|
773
|
|
|
774 void fatal () __attribute__ ((noreturn));
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
776 or like this (works in older versions too):
|
|
|
777
|
|
|
778 typedef void voidfn ();
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
780 volatile voidfn fatal;
|
|
|
781
|
|
|
782 It used to be possible to do so by writing this:
|
|
|
783
|
|
|
784 volatile void fatal ();
|
|
|
785
|
|
|
786 but it turns out that ANSI C requires that to mean something
|
|
|
787 else (which is useless).
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
789 Likewise, to declare that a function is side-effect-free
|
|
|
790 so that calls may be deleted or combined, write
|
|
|
791 something like this (works only in 2.5):
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
793 int computation () __attribute__ ((const));
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
795 or like this (works in older versions too):
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
797 typedef int intfn ();
|
|
|
798
|
|
|
799 const intfn computation;
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
801 * The new option -iwithprefixbefore specifies a directory to add to
|
|
|
802 the search path for include files in the same position where -I would
|
|
|
803 put it, but uses the specified prefix just like -iwithprefix.
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
805 * Basic block profiling has been enhanced to record the function the
|
|
|
806 basic block comes from, and if the module was compiled for debugging,
|
|
|
807 the line number and filename. A default version of the basic block
|
|
|
808 support module has been added to libgcc2 that appends the basic block
|
|
|
809 information to a text file 'bb.out'. Machine descriptions can now
|
|
|
810 override the basic block support module in the target macro file.
|
|
|
811
|
|
|
812 New features in g++:
|
|
|
813
|
|
|
814 * The new flag `-fansi-overloading' for C++. Use a newly implemented
|
|
|
815 scheme of argument matching for C++. It makes g++ more accurately
|
|
|
816 obey the rules set down in Chapter 13 of the Annotated C++ Reference
|
|
|
817 Manual (the ARM). This option will be turned on by default in a
|
|
|
818 future release.
|
|
|
819
|
|
|
820 * The -finline-debug flag is now gone (it was never really used by the
|
|
|
821 compiler).
|
|
|
822
|
|
|
823 * Recognizing the syntax for pointers to members, e.g., "foo::*bar", has been
|
|
|
824 dramatically improved. You should not get any syntax errors or incorrect
|
|
|
825 runtime results while using pointers to members correctly; if you do, it's
|
|
|
826 a definite bug.
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
828 * Forward declaration of an enum is now flagged as an error.
|
|
|
829
|
|
|
830 * Class-local typedefs are now working properly.
|
|
|
831
|
|
|
832 * Nested class support has been significantly improved. The compiler
|
|
|
833 will now (in theory) support up to 240 nested classes before hitting
|
|
|
834 other system limits (like memory size).
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
836 * There is a new C version of the `g++' driver, to replace the old
|
|
|
837 shell script. This should significantly improve the performance of
|
|
|
838 executing g++ on a system where a user's PATH environment variable
|
|
|
839 references many NFS-mounted filesystems. This driver also works
|
|
|
840 under MS-DOS and OS/2.
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
842 * The ANSI committee working on the C++ standard has adopted a new
|
|
|
843 keyword `mutable'. This will allow you to make a specific member be
|
|
|
844 modifiable in an otherwise const class.
|
|
|
845
|
|
|
846 Noteworthy GCC changes in version 2.4.4:
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
848 A crash building g++ on various hosts (including m68k) has been
|
|
|
849 fixed. Also the g++ compiler no longer reports incorrect
|
|
|
850 ambiguities in some situations where they do not exist, and
|
|
|
851 const template member functions are now being found properly.
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
853 Noteworthy GCC changes in version 2.4:
|
|
|
854
|
|
|
855 * On each target, the default is now to return short structures
|
|
|
856 compatibly with the "usual" compiler on that target.
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
858 For most targets, this means the default is to return all structures
|
|
|
859 in memory, like long structures, in whatever way is used on that
|
|
|
860 target. Use -freg-struct-return to enable returning short structures
|
|
|
861 (and unions) in registers.
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
863 This change means that newly compiled binaries are incompatible with
|
|
|
864 binaries compiled with previous versions of GCC.
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 On some targets, GCC is itself the usual compiler. On these targets,
|
|
|
867 the default way to return short structures is still in registers.
|
|
|
868 Use -fpcc-struct-return to tell GCC to return them in memory.
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 * There is now a floating point emulator which can imitate the way all
|
|
|
871 supported target machines do floating point arithmetic.
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
873 This makes it possible to have cross compilation to and from the VAX,
|
|
|
874 and between machines of different endianness. However, this works
|
|
|
875 only when the target machine description is updated to use the new
|
|
|
876 facilities, and not all have been updated.
|
|
|
877
|
|
|
878 This also makes possible support for longer floating point types.
|
|
|
879 GCC 2.4 supports extended format on the 68K if you use `long double',
|
|
|
880 for targets that have a 68881. (When we have run time library
|
|
|
881 routines for extended floating point, then `long double' will use
|
|
|
882 extended format on all 68K targets.)
|
|
|
883
|
|
|
884 We expect to support extended floating point on the i386 and Sparc in
|
|
|
885 future versions.
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
887 * Building GCC now automatically fixes the system's header files.
|
|
|
888 This should require no attention.
|
|
|
889
|
|
|
890 * GCC now installs an unsigned data type as size_t when it fixes the
|
|
|
891 header files (on all but a handful of old target machines).
|
|
|
892 Therefore, the bug that size_t failed to be unsigned is fixed.
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
894 * Building and installation are now completely separate.
|
|
|
895 All new files are constructed during the build process;
|
|
|
896 installation just copies them.
|
|
|
897
|
|
|
898 * New targets supported: Clipper, Hitachi SH, Hitachi 8300, and Sparc
|
|
|
899 Lite.
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
901 * A totally new and much better Objective C run time system is included.
|
|
|
902
|
|
|
903 * Objective C supports many new features. Alas, I can't describe them
|
|
|
904 since I don't use that language; however, they are the same ones
|
|
|
905 supported in recent versions of the NeXT operating system.
|
|
|
906
|
|
|
907 * The builtin functions __builtin_apply_args, __builtin_apply and
|
|
|
908 __builtin_return let you record the arguments and returned
|
|
|
909 value of a function without knowing their number or type.
|
|
|
910
|
|
|
911 * The builtin string variables __FUNCTION__ and __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
|
|
|
912 give the name of the function in the source, and a pretty-printed
|
|
|
913 version of the name. The two are the same in C, but differ in C++.
|
|
|
914
|
|
|
915 * Casts to union types do not yield lvalues.
|
|
|
916
|
|
|
917 * ## before an empty rest argument discards the preceding sequence
|
|
|
918 of non-whitespace characters from the macro definition.
|
|
|
919 (This feature is subject to change.)
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921
|
|
|
922 New features specific to C++:
|
|
|
923
|
|
|
924 * The manual contains a new section ``Common Misunderstandings with
|
|
|
925 GNU C++'' that C++ users should read.
|
|
|
926
|
|
|
927 * #pragma interface and #pragma implementation let you use the same
|
|
|
928 C++ source file for both interface and implementation.
|
|
|
929 However, this mechanism is still in transition.
|
|
|
930
|
|
|
931 * Named returned values let you avoid an extra constructor call
|
|
|
932 when a function result has a class type.
|
|
|
933
|
|
|
934 * The C++ operators <? and >? yield min and max, respectively.
|
|
|
935
|
|
|
936 * C++ gotos can exit a block safely even if the block has
|
|
|
937 aggregates that require destructors.
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 * gcc defines the macro __GNUG__ when compiling C++ programs.
|
|
|
940
|
|
|
941 * GNU C++ now correctly distinguishes between the prefix and postfix
|
|
|
942 forms of overloaded operator ++ and --. To avoid breaking old
|
|
|
943 code, if a class defines only the prefix form, the compiler
|
|
|
944 accepts either ++obj or obj++, unless -pedantic is used.
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
946 * If you are using version 2.3 of libg++, you need to rebuild it with
|
|
|
947 `make CC=gcc' to avoid mismatches in the definition of `size_t'.
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 Newly documented compiler options:
|
|
|
950
|
|
|
951 -fnostartfiles
|
|
|
952 Omit the standard system startup files when linking.
|
|
|
953
|
|
|
954 -fvolatile-global
|
|
|
955 Consider memory references to extern and global data items to
|
|
|
956 be volatile.
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
958 -idirafter DIR
|
|
|
959 Add DIR to the second include path.
|
|
|
960
|
|
|
961 -iprefix PREFIX
|
|
|
962 Specify PREFIX for later -iwithprefix options.
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
964 -iwithprefix DIR
|
|
|
965 Add PREFIX/DIR to the second include path.
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
967 -mv8
|
|
|
968 Emit Sparc v8 code (with integer multiply and divide).
|
|
|
969 -msparclite
|
|
|
970 Emit Sparclite code (roughly v7.5).
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
972 -print-libgcc-file-name
|
|
|
973 Search for the libgcc.a file, print its absolute file name, and exit.
|
|
|
974
|
|
|
975 -Woverloaded-virtual
|
|
|
976 Warn when a derived class function declaration may be an error
|
|
|
977 in defining a C++ virtual function.
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
979 -Wtemplate-debugging
|
|
|
980 When using templates in a C++ program, warn if debugging is
|
|
|
981 not yet fully available.
|
|
|
982
|
|
|
983 +eN
|
|
|
984 Control how C++ virtual function definitions are used
|
|
|
985 (like cfront 1.x).
|
|
|
986
|
