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0
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1 @ignore
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2 @c Set file name and title for man page.
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3 @setfilename gpl
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4 @settitle GNU General Public License
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5 @c man begin SEEALSO
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6 gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7).
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7 @c man end
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8 @c man begin COPYRIGHT
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9 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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10 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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11
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12 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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13 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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14 @c man end
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15 @end ignore
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16 @node Copying
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17 @c man begin DESCRIPTION
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18 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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19 @center Version 2, June 1991
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20
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21 @c This file is intended to be included in another file.
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22
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23 @display
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24 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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25 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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26
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27 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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28 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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29 @end display
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30
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31 @unnumberedsec Preamble
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32
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33 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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34 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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35 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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36 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
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37 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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38 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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39 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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40 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
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41 your programs, too.
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42
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43 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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44 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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45 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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46 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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47 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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48 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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49
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50 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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51 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
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52 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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53 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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54
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55 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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56 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
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57 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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58 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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59 rights.
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60
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61 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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62 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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63 distribute and/or modify the software.
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64
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65 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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66 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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67 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
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68 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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69 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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70 authors' reputations.
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71
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72 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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73 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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74 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
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75 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
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76 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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77
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78 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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79 modification follow.
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80
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81 @iftex
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82 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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83 @end iftex
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84 @ifnottex
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85 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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86 @end ifnottex
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87
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88 @enumerate 0
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89 @item
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90 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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91 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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92 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
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93 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
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94 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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95 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
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96 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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97 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
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98 the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
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99
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100 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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101 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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102 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
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103 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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104 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
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105 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
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106
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107 @item
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108 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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109 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
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110 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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111 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
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112 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
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113 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
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114 along with the Program.
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115
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116 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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117 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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118
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119 @item
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120 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
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121 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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122 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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123 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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124
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125 @enumerate a
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126 @item
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127 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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128 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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129
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130 @item
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131 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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132 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
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133 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
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134 parties under the terms of this License.
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135
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136 @item
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137 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
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138 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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139 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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140 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
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141 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
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142 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
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143 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
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144 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
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145 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
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146 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
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147 @end enumerate
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148
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149 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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150 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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151 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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152 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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153 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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154 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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155 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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156 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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157 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
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158
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159 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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160 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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161 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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162 collective works based on the Program.
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163
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164 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
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165 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
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166 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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167 the scope of this License.
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168
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169 @item
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170 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
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171 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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172 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
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173
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174 @enumerate a
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175 @item
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176 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
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177 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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178 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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179
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180 @item
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181 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
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182 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
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183 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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184 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
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185 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
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186 customarily used for software interchange; or,
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187
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188 @item
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189 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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190 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
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191 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
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192 received the program in object code or executable form with such
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193 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
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194 @end enumerate
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195
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196 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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197 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
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198 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
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199 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
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200 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
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201 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
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202 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
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203 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
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204 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
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205 itself accompanies the executable.
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206
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207 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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208 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
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209 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
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210 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
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211 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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212
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213 @item
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214 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
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215 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
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216 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
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217 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
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218 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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219 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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220 parties remain in full compliance.
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221
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222 @item
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223 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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224 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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225 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
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226 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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227 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
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228 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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229 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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230 the Program or works based on it.
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231
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232 @item
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233 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
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234 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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235 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
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236 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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237 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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238 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
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239 this License.
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240
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241 @item
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242 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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243 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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244 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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245 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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246 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
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247 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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248 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
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249 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
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250 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
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251 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
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252 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
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253 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
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254
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255 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
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256 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
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257 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
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258 circumstances.
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259
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260 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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261 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
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262 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
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263 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
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264 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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265 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
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266 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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267 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
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268 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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269 impose that choice.
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270
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271 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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272 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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273
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274 @item
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275 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
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276 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
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277 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
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278 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
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279 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
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280 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
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281 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
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282
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283 @item
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284 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
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285 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
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286 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
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287 address new problems or concerns.
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288
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289 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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290 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
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291 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
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292 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
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293 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
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294 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
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295 Foundation.
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296
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297 @item
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298 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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299 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
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300 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
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301 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
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302 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
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303 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
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304 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
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305
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306 @iftex
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307 @heading NO WARRANTY
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308 @end iftex
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309 @ifnottex
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310 @center NO WARRANTY
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311 @end ifnottex
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312
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313 @item
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314 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
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315 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
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316 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
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317 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
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318 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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319 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
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320 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
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321 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
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322 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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323
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324 @item
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325 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
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326 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
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327 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
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328 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
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329 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
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330 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
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331 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
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332 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
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333 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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334 @end enumerate
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335
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336 @iftex
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337 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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338 @end iftex
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339 @ifnottex
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340 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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341 @end ifnottex
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342
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343 @page
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344 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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345
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346 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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347 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
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348 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
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349
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350 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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351 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
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352 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
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353 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
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354
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355 @smallexample
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356 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
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357 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
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358
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359 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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|
360 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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|
361 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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362 (at your option) any later version.
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363
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364 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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365 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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|
366 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
|
367 GNU General Public License for more details.
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368
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369 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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370 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|
|
371 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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372 @end smallexample
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373
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374 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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375
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376 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
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377 when it starts in an interactive mode:
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378
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379 @smallexample
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|
380 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
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381 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
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|
382 type `show w'.
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383 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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384 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
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385 @end smallexample
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386
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387 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
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388 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
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389 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
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390 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
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391 suits your program.
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392
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393 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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394 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
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395 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
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396
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397 @example
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398 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
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399 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
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400
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401 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
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402 Ty Coon, President of Vice
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403 @end example
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404
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405 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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406 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
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407 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
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408 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
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409 Public License instead of this License.
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410 @c man end
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