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| author | roug |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 27 Apr 2003 19:41:14 +0000 |
| parents | 4dae346c4969 |
| children | b00cf13c9f61 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 144 | 1 <chapter> |
| 2 <title>Getting Started...</title> | |
| 3 | |
| 1093 | 4 <section id="sec1.0"> |
| 144 | 5 <title>What You Need to Run OS-9</title> |
| 6 <para> | |
| 1017 | 7 This version of &os9level; runs on the &make;. To use it you'll need the following: |
| 144 | 8 </para> |
| 9 <itemizedlist mark="bullet"> | |
| 1017 | 10 <listitem><para>&minmem; &make; </para></listitem> |
| 1092 | 11 <listitem><para>Disk Drive With Controller Cartridge</para></listitem> |
| 1017 | 12 <listitem><para>&os9level; System Disk</para></listitem> |
| 144 | 13 </itemizedlist> |
| 14 <para> | |
| 15 OS-9 is also ready to use the following optional equipment that you | |
| 16 may have now or may obtain in the future: | |
| 17 </para> | |
| 18 <itemizedlist mark="bullet"> | |
| 1011 | 19 <listitem><para>Additional Floppy Disk Drives</para></listitem> |
| 20 <listitem><para>SCSI or IDE Hard Drives</para></listitem> | |
| 1017 | 21 <listitem><para>Printers and Modems</para></listitem> |
| 22 <listitem><para>Additional Serial Ports</para></listitem> | |
| 23 <listitem><para>Joysticks and Mice</para></listitem> | |
| 144 | 24 <listitem><para>Other OS-9 Compatible Languages and Software</para></listitem> |
| 25 </itemizedlist> | |
| 26 | |
| 1093 | 27 <section id="sec1.0.1"> |
| 144 | 28 <title>Starting the System</title> |
| 29 <para> | |
| 30 To start up OS-9 follow these steps: | |
| 31 | |
| 32 <orderedlist numeration="arabic"> | |
| 1011 | 33 <listitem><para>Turn the &make; and disk drive(s) on. You should see |
| 34 the usual BASIC greeting message on the screen.</para></listitem> | |
| 144 | 35 |
| 36 <listitem><para>Insert the OS-9 System Disk in drive zero and close the door.</para></listitem> | |
| 37 | |
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38 <listitem><para>Type "&DOSCMD;". After a few seconds of disk activity you should |
| 1011 | 39 see a screen with the words "OS9 BOOT".</para></listitem> |
| 144 | 40 |
| 41 <listitem><para>OS-9 will then begin | |
| 42 its "bootstrap" loading process, which | |
| 43 involves ten to twenty seconds of disk activity. When the system | |
| 1011 | 44 startup has finished, a message followed by the shell prompt will be |
| 144 | 45 displayed.</para></listitem> |
| 46 </orderedlist> | |
| 47 </para> | |
| 48 </section> | |
| 49 | |
| 1093 | 50 <section id="sec1.0.2"> |
| 144 | 51 <title>In Case You Have Problems Starting OS-9</title> |
| 52 <itemizedlist> | |
| 1011 | 53 <listitem><para>If BASIC gives an error message after you |
|
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54 type "&DOSCMD;", remove the |
| 144 | 55 disk, turn the computer off and on, then try again. If this |
| 56 repeatedly fails your OS-9 diskette may be bad.</para></listitem> | |
| 57 | |
| 58 <listitem><para>Did you remember to turn the disk drive power switch on?</para></listitem> | |
| 59 | |
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60 <listitem><para>Does your &make; have &minmem; RAM? This is a must!</para></listitem> |
| 144 | 61 |
| 1093 | 62 <listitem><para>If your &make; doesn't seem to understand the &DOSCMD; command, |
| 63 your controller has DOS 1.0. You will need to upgrade to | |
| 1011 | 64 DOS 1.1.</para></listitem> |
| 144 | 65 |
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66 <listitem><para>If the "OS9 BOOT" message is displayed but nothing else happens, |
| 144 | 67 you may have a corrupted system disk. Hopefully you did make a |
| 68 backup!</para></listitem> | |
| 69 </itemizedlist> | |
| 70 </section> | |
| 71 | |
| 1093 | 72 <section id="sec1.0.3"> |
| 144 | 73 <title>A Quick Introduction to the Use of the Keyboard and Disks</title> |
| 74 <para> | |
| 75 For now, the only special keys on the keyboard of interest are | |
| 76 the SHIFT key which works like a typewriter shift key; the ENTER key | |
| 77 which you always use after typing a command or response to OS-9; and | |
| 78 the <- left arrow key which you can use to erase typing mistakes. | |
| 79 </para> | |
| 80 <para> | |
| 81 Your main disk drive is known to to OS-9 as "/D0" and is often | |
| 82 called "drive zero". If you have a second disk drive (drive one), | |
| 83 OS-9 recognizes it as "/D1". Why would anybody put a "/" in a name? | |
| 84 Because all input and output devices have names like files, and | |
| 85 names that start with "/" are always device names. | |
| 86 </para> | |
| 87 </section> | |
| 88 | |
| 1093 | 89 <section id="sec1.0.4"> |
| 144 | 90 <title>Initial Explorations</title> |
| 91 <para> | |
| 92 When OS-9 first starts up, it will display a welcoming message, | |
| 93 and then ask you to enter the date and time. This allows OS-9 to | |
| 94 keep track of the date and time of creation of new files and disks. | |
| 95 Enter the current date and time in the format requested like this: | |
| 96 <screen> | |
| 1017 | 97 yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss |
| 98 Time ? 2003 03 01 14 20 | |
| 144 | 99 </screen> |
| 1011 | 100 In the example above, the date entered was March 1, 2003. OS-9 |
| 144 | 101 uses 24-hour time so the date entered was 1420 hours or 2:20 PM. |
| 1011 | 102 Next, OS-9 will print the shell prompt to let you know it is ready |
| 144 | 103 for you to type in a command. |
| 104 </para> | |
| 105 <para> | |
| 106 Now you're ready to try some commands. A good first command to | |
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107 try is <command>dir</command> (for "<emphasis>dir</emphasis>ectory"). |
| 144 | 108 This will display a list of the files |
| 109 on the System Disk. Just type: | |
| 110 <screen> | |
| 111 dir | |
| 112 </screen> | |
| 113 followed by a "return". OS-9 should respond with a listing of file | |
| 114 names which should look something like this: | |
| 115 <screen> | |
| 116 OS9Boot startup CMDS SYS DEFS | |
| 117 </screen> | |
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118 The file <filename>OS9Boot</filename> contains the OS-9 program in &CPU; machine |
| 144 | 119 language, which was loaded into memory during the bootstrap |
| 120 operation. | |
| 121 </para> | |
| 122 <para> | |
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123 The file <filename>startup</filename> is a "command file" which is automatically run |
| 144 | 124 when the system starts up, and has the commands that printed the |
| 125 welcoming message and asked for the time. Later, You may want to | |
| 126 replace this startup file with your own customized version after you | |
| 127 are more familiar with OS-9. Do you want to see the contents of | |
| 128 this file? If so, just type | |
| 129 <screen> | |
| 130 list startup | |
| 131 </screen> | |
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132 As you can see, the <command>list</command> command displays the contents of files |
| 144 | 133 that contain text (alphabetic characters). Some files like the |
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134 <filename>OS9Boot</filename> file contain binary data such as machine language |
| 144 | 135 programs. These files are called "binary files", and attempts to |
| 136 list them will result in a jumbled, meaningless display. On the | |
| 137 other hand, OS-9 will complain mightily if you try to run a text | |
| 138 file as a program! | |
| 139 </para> | |
| 140 <para> | |
| 141 As you may have surmised by now, the way you ask OS-9 to run a | |
| 142 program or command (they're really the same thing) is to simply type | |
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143 its name. Some commands like <command>list</command> require one or more names of |
| 144 | 144 files or options. If so, they are typed on the same line using |
| 145 spaces to separate each item. | |
| 146 </para> | |
| 147 <para> | |
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148 But where did the <command>list</command> and <command>dir</command> programs come from? There are |
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149 really more files on the disk than you suspect. The <command>dir</command> command |
| 144 | 150 showed you what is the disk's |
| 151 <emphasis>root directory</emphasis> - so named because the | |
| 152 OS-9 filing system resembles a tree. Growing out of the root | |
| 153 directory are three "branches" - files which are additional | |
| 154 directories of file names instead of programs or data. They in turn | |
| 155 can have even more "branches" - ad infinitum. If you draw a map on | |
| 156 paper of how this works it does look like a tree. | |
| 157 </para> | |
| 158 <para> | |
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159 The directory files on your system disk are called <filename class="directory">CMDS</filename>, |
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160 <filename class="directory">SYS</filename>, and <filename class="directory">DEFS</filename>. |
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161 The file <filename class="directory">CMDS</filename> is a directory that consists of |
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162 all the system commands such as <command>dir</command>, <command>list</command>, |
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163 <command>format</command>, etc. To see the files contained in this directory, enter: |
| 144 | 164 <screen> |
| 1011 | 165 dir cmds |
| 144 | 166 </screen> |
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167 which tells <command>dir</command> to show files on the directory file |
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168 <filename class="directory">CMDS</filename> instead |
| 144 | 169 of the root directory. After you type this you should see a long |
| 170 list of file names. These are the complete set of command programs | |
| 171 that come with OS-9 and perform a myriad of functions. Chapter | |
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172 Seven explains each one in detail. The <command>dir</command> command also has a handy |
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173 option to display the |
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174 <filename class="directory">CMDS</filename> directory with less typing: |
| 144 | 175 <screen> |
| 1011 | 176 dir -x |
| 144 | 177 </screen> |
| 178 Whenever you want a list of available commands you can use this so | |
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179 you don't have to look it up in the book. The <command>dir</command> command has |
| 1011 | 180 options which can give you more detailed information about each file. |
| 144 | 181 </para> |
| 182 </section> | |
| 183 </section> | |
| 1093 | 184 <section id="sec1.1"> |
| 144 | 185 <title>Making a Backup of the System Disk</title> |
| 186 <para> | |
| 187 Before getting too much more involved in further experimentation, | |
| 188 NOW is the time to make one or more exact copies of your System Disk | |
| 189 in case some misfortune befalls your one and only master System | |
| 190 Disk. Making a backup involves two steps: formatting a blank disk | |
| 191 and running a backup program. | |
| 192 </para> | |
| 1093 | 193 <section id="sec1.1.1"> |
| 144 | 194 <title>Formatting Blank Disks</title> |
| 195 <para> | |
| 196 Before the actual backup procedure can be done (or any fresh | |
| 197 diskette is used for any purpose), the blank disk which is to become | |
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198 the backup disk must be initialized by OS-9's <command>format</command> command. |
| 144 | 199 </para> |
| 200 <para> | |
| 201 IF YOU HAVE ONLY ONE DISK DRIVE you have to be extra careful not to | |
| 202 accidentally FORMAT your system disk. Type: | |
| 203 | |
| 204 <screen> | |
| 1011 | 205 format /d0 |
| 144 | 206 </screen> |
| 207 | |
| 208 and when you see the message | |
| 209 | |
| 210 <screen> | |
| 1011 | 211 COLOR COMPUTER FORMATTER |
| 1017 | 212 Formatting drive /d0 |
| 213 y (yes) or n (no) | |
| 1011 | 214 Ready? |
| 144 | 215 </screen> |
| 216 | |
| 217 immediately remove your system disk and insert a blank disk | |
| 218 <emphasis>before</emphasis> you type "Y". | |
| 219 | |
| 220 IF YOU HAVE TWO DISK DRIVES place the blank disk in drive one and | |
| 221 type: | |
| 222 </para> | |
| 223 <screen> | |
| 1017 | 224 format /d1 |
| 144 | 225 </screen> |
| 226 <para> | |
| 227 WHEN THE BLANK DISK IS IN THE RIGHT PLACE, type "Y", then "ENTER". | |
| 228 This initiates the formatting process. IF THE CORRECT DEVICE NAME | |
| 229 (/D1) IS NOT DISPLAYED: TYPE N RIGHT NOW and start over, OR YOU | |
| 230 MAY ERASE your System Disk. | |
| 231 </para> | |
| 232 <para> | |
| 233 When you are asked for a disk name, type any letter, then ENTER. | |
| 234 The name you give is not important. If you have only one drive, | |
| 235 replace the system disk after the FORMAT program has finished. If | |
| 236 the FORMAT program reported any errors, try again. Disks used for | |
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237 backups can't have any errors. You're now ready to run the <command>backup</command> |
| 144 | 238 program. |
| 239 </para> | |
| 240 <para> | |
| 241 It takes several minutes for the FORMAT program to run. During | |
| 242 its second phase the hexadecimal number of each track will be | |
| 243 displayed as it is checked for bad sectors. If any are found an | |
| 244 error message for each bad sector is given. | |
| 245 </para> | |
| 246 </section> | |
| 247 | |
| 1093 | 248 <section id="sec1.1.2"> |
| 144 | 249 <title>Running the Backup Program</title> |
| 250 <para> | |
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251 The <command>backup</command> program makes an exact duplicate of a disk. It can be |
| 144 | 252 used even if you only have one disk drive. |
| 253 </para> | |
| 254 <para> | |
| 255 IF YOU HAVE ONE DRIVE type | |
| 256 </para> | |
| 257 <screen> | |
| 1011 | 258 backup /d0 #32k |
| 144 | 259 </screen> |
| 260 <para> | |
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261 The <command>backup</command> program will prompt you to alternately insert the source |
| 144 | 262 disk (the system disk) and the destination disk (the freshly |
| 263 formatted disk). | |
| 264 </para> | |
| 265 <para> | |
| 266 IF YOU HAVE TWO DRIVES type | |
| 267 </para> | |
| 268 <screen> | |
| 1011 | 269 backup #32K |
| 144 | 270 </screen> |
| 271 <para> | |
| 272 | |
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273 The <command>backup</command> program will respond with |
| 144 | 274 </para> |
| 275 <screen> | |
| 1017 | 276 Ready to backup from /d0 to /d1? |
| 144 | 277 </screen> |
| 278 <para> | |
| 279 Now enter Y for yes. It will then ask: | |
| 280 </para> | |
| 281 <screen> | |
| 1011 | 282 X is being scratched |
| 1017 | 283 Ok ?: |
| 144 | 284 </screen> |
| 285 <para> | |
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286 Answer "Y" for yes again, and the backup process should begin. |
| 144 | 287 </para> |
| 288 <para> | |
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289 The <command>backup</command> command has two phases: the first phase copies |
| 144 | 290 everything from drive zero to drive one checking for errors while |
| 291 reading from the master but not for "write" errors. The second | |
| 292 phase is the "verify" pass which makes sure everything was copied | |
| 293 onto the new disk correctly. If any errors are reported during the | |
| 294 first (copy) pass, there is a problem with the master disk or its | |
| 295 drive. If errors occur during the second (verify) pass, there is a | |
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296 problem with the new disk and the <command>backup</command> program should be run |
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297 again. If <command>backup</command> repeatedly fails on the second pass, reformat the |
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298 disk and try to <command>backup</command> again. If <command>backup</command> fails again, the disk is |
| 144 | 299 physically defective. |
| 300 </para> | |
| 301 <para> | |
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302 After you have made your backup disk, try turning the &make; |
| 1011 | 303 off and restarting the system with the copy you just made. |
| 144 | 304 If it works OK, store it in a safe place in case it is needed later. |
| 305 You should always have a backup copy of your system disk and all | |
| 306 other important disks. | |
| 307 </para> | |
| 308 </section> | |
| 309 </section> | |
| 310 </chapter> |