Mercurial > hg > Members > kono > nitros9-code
annotate docs/articles/david.article @ 2763:c03464c24b14
Fixed a minor typo in the arcadepak's makefile related to DriveWire3 and Becker.
Updated makefile with new option nightlytest. Run option is "make nightlytest".
You also need to test environment variable TESTSSHDIR and TESTSSHSERVER before using it.
Also updated the nightly option so if the SOURCEUSER environment variable is not set it will report it.
author | drencor-xeen |
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date | Wed, 16 Jan 2013 17:33:46 -0600 |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" ?> |
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2 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" |
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3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" > |
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4 <!-- This article was copied from |
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5 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.09/microware.html --> |
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6 <article> |
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7 <articleinfo> |
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8 <author><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Jacobs</surname> |
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9 <authorblurb> |
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10 <para>Stephen Jacobs is a contributing editor for Videomaker magazine.</para> |
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11 </authorblurb> |
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12 </author> |
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13 <title>David Versus Goliath</title> |
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14 <abstract> |
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15 <para>Little Microware has a rock called OS-9 in its sling as it takes on |
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16 the giants in the battle to own the multimedia set-top box.</para> |
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17 </abstract> |
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18 <copyright> |
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19 <year>1993</year> |
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20 <year>2002</year> |
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21 <holder>The Condé Nast Publications Inc. All rights reserved.</holder> |
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22 </copyright> |
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23 <publisher><publishername>Wired Digital, Inc.</publishername></publisher> |
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24 <pubdate>Sep 1994</pubdate> |
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25 <issuenum>2.09</issuenum> |
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26 </articleinfo> |
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27 |
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28 |
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29 <para> |
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30 |
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31 |
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32 In case you hadn't noticed, everyone's talking interactive TV these days. |
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33 Product trials, broken deals, mergers, start-ups - there's a rash of ploys |
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34 to make your boob tube brilliant by hooking a computer to it. To many in |
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35 this country, the word computer is still wedded to images of Silicon Valley |
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36 and Microsoft, the company that strides the personal computing landscape |
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37 like a Goliath. Chairman Bill Gates has said Microsoft is spending a cool |
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38 US$100 million a year on developing software for multimedia, interactive |
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39 television, and the information superhighway. The popular wisdom says that |
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40 what Bill wants, Bill gets. Yet some of the hottest developments in software |
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41 for interactive television are happening nowhere near Silicon Valley; |
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42 they're happening thousands of miles away in the Midwest. |
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43 |
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44 |
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45 </para><para> |
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46 |
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47 |
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48 Des Moines, Iowa, is not the city that most of us would pick as the site of |
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49 a burgeoning industry revolution. But then, Des Moines surprises. Sure, it's |
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50 a small Midwest town surrounded by flat and well-farmed land, but that's not |
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51 all there is to it. There's a Thai restaurant whose zillion-page beer list |
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52 boasts brews from all over the world. There's a monumental modern Civic |
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53 Center whose concert hall hosts world-class guitarists. And there's |
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54 Microware Systems Corporation, a 200-employee, privately held corporation |
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55 that makes an operating system called OS-9. |
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56 |
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57 |
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58 </para><para> |
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59 |
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60 |
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61 Microware is headquartered in a 25,000-square-foot building just down the |
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62 road from the offices of the National Pork Producer's Council. So far, it |
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63 may not sound like anything to get excited about. OS-9 was created to |
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64 control manufacturing and robotics applications. The latest addition to its |
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65 product line, Digital Audio Video Interactive Decoder (DAVID), is a version |
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66 of OS-9 for set-top terminals, the cable decoder boxes of interactive |
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67 television. |
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68 |
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69 |
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70 </para><para> |
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71 |
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72 |
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73 DAVID is the program that runs "under the hood," the skeleton around which |
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74 user interfaces will be built by manufacturers of the terminals. It must be |
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75 a pretty impressive set of bones - it's been licensed to 15 manufacturers of |
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76 set-top terminals for interactive television, including IBM, Philips, Zenith |
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77 Corporation, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Kyocera, GoldStar, Samsung, Adaptive |
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78 MicroWare, Divicom, and EURODEC. By the time you read this, more will be on |
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79 board. Oracle's media servers will communicate with these DAVID-based |
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80 set-top boxes in Bell Atlantic interactive television trials in New Jersey |
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81 and Northern Virginia. (A groundbreaking Federal Communications Commission |
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82 decision in June cleared the way for Bell Atlantic to compete with cable in |
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83 providing video programming in Tom's River, New Jersey.) Other announced |
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84 interactive TV trials that are using DAVID include Nynex's Manhattan and |
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85 Rhode Island trials; Cox Communications's trial in Omaha, Nebraska; Telecom |
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86 Australia's system; and Hong Kong Telecom's system. |
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87 |
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88 |
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89 </para><para> |
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90 |
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91 |
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92 Though Microware's operating system was developed for manufacturing and |
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93 process control, it also has been used in multimedia for some time. DAVID |
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94 has its roots in the operating systems for Tandy's Color Computer 3 and |
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95 Philips CD-I, which are versions of OS-9 with platform-specific modules. |
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96 Even so, conventional wisdom puts a small, relatively unknown software |
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97 company at a disadvantage against a major player like Microsoft. |
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98 |
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99 |
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100 </para><para> |
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101 |
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102 |
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103 Predictably, Microware President Ken Kaplan doesn't see it that way. |
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104 |
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105 |
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106 </para><para> |
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107 |
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108 |
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109 "I don't know what other people think, but I just don't think Microsoft's |
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110 gonna be a player. I just think it's too late. We've been working on this |
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111 for two, three years. We've got real product. By the time they figure out |
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112 how to put Windows on a set-top box, we'll have a couple of million boxes |
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113 out there and working. At least that's the plan," says Kaplan. |
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114 |
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115 |
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116 </para><para> |
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117 |
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118 |
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119 Since 1977, Microware has been developing ROMable (i.e., small enough |
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120 to fit in the Read Only Memory chips on a system's motherboard) |
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121 real-time operating systems, and doing quite well, thank you. |
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122 Microware began when, as Drake University students, Ken Kaplan and |
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123 Larry Crane (vice president of advanced research) got a grant from the |
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124 National Science Foundation to write software for first-generation |
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125 microprocessors. They started with the Motorola 6800 - the precursor |
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126 to the 68000 series of CPUs that would drive the Macintosh. This work |
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127 led them to develop RT/68, a small, efficient multitasking operating |
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128 system for industrial applications. Kaplan and Crane founded Microware |
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129 to develop and sell RT/68, putting a small ad in <emphasis>Byte</emphasis> magazine. |
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130 Orders began rolling in from around the world. Physicist Rudolf Keil |
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131 at the University of Heidelberg used RT/68 to control lasers for |
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132 physics research. More than an early user, Keil was one of the first |
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133 Microware customers to begin working with the company. He ended up |
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134 leaving the university to become Microware's German |
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135 distributor. |
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136 |
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137 </para><para> |
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138 |
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139 |
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140 Motorola was so pleased with RT/68 that in 1978 the company asked Microware |
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141 to develop a Basic language for the 6809 processor, the bridge chip between |
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142 the 6800 and Motorola's popular 68000 series. Microware began developing the |
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143 Basic and an operating system to go with it. That was the beginning of OS-9. |
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144 Kaplan and his team modeled OS-9's I/O and process handling after those in |
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145 Unix, which at the time was a relatively unknown operating system. |
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146 Microware's decision to use Unix as a model may have been a gamble then, but |
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147 it has proved to be a fortuitous choice: Unix has since grown to become the |
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148 lingua franca of the Internet. As a result, the OS-9 of a decade ago was |
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149 more ready for the information superhighway than many other operating |
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150 systems are today. |
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151 |
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152 |
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153 </para><para> |
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154 |
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155 |
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156 OS-9 is popular in industrial applications worldwide for robotics, |
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157 telecommunications, or any other type of application that requires a small, |
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158 on-board operating system to handle a large number of processes extremely |
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159 quickly. The head of Microware's French office, Nick Rainey, ticked off |
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160 several applications that have made OS-9 popular in Europe: |
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161 |
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162 |
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163 </para><para> |
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164 |
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165 |
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166 "CERN, the particle accelerator; the French pay-phone systems that now run |
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167 off 'smart cards' - that's OS-9; British Telecom; subway systems. I had a |
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168 big surprise when I went to open the Russian office. They took me over to |
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169 see the space flight simulators, and they'd been running the whole system |
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170 off a version of OS-9 that they'd bootlegged from some Germans somewhere. |
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171 They were really glad to see us!" |
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172 |
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173 |
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174 </para><para> |
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175 |
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176 |
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177 OS-9 made early inroads in Japan, when Fujitsu made 6809-based personal, |
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178 multitasking computers for the Japanese market. In the US, OS-9 can be found |
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179 in NASA simulators as well. Flight simulators, maintenance, and testing |
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180 equipment for McDonnell-Douglas, Lockheed, and Boeing also run off of OS-9. |
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181 Microware's sales are pretty well divided into thirds between the US, |
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182 Europe, and the Pacific Rim. |
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183 |
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184 |
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185 </para> |
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186 |
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187 <section> |
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188 <title> |
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189 Coming into view |
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190 </title> |
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191 |
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192 <para> |
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193 |
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194 |
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195 Microware seemed to burst into public view from nowhere when Bell |
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196 Atlantic announced specifications for its interactive services in |
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197 January 1994. The specs could only be met by terminals running DAVID. |
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198 This was a surprise, as Bell Atlantic had released a preliminary set |
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199 of specs several months before that appeared to be based on Modular |
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200 Windows, Microsoft's now-dead operating system for multimedia. In |
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201 reaction to the Bell Atlantic announcement, the January 18 <citetitle>Wall |
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202 Street Journal</citetitle> ran a feature story about Microware. Since then, |
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203 Kaplan and company have been signing set-top box contracts right and |
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204 left. |
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205 |
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206 |
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207 </para><para> |
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208 |
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209 |
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210 Modular Windows is kind of a mystery. Apparently, it was to have been |
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211 a smaller, faster, trimmer version of the Windows operating system for |
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212 set-top boxes. It has been replaced by a new system from Microsoft |
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213 called Tiger. The <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle> piece left the impression |
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214 that Bell Atlantic ran DAVID and Modular Windows in competition and |
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215 chose Microware over Microsoft. |
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216 |
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217 |
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218 </para><para> |
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219 |
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220 |
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221 Not true, says Microware's multimedia marketing manager Arthur Orduna. "We |
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222 didn't go head-to-head with Modular Windows because there was nothing to go |
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223 head-to-head with." |
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224 |
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225 |
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226 </para><para> |
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227 |
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228 |
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229 Orduna says Bell Atlantic asked Microware to assemble an OS-9 comparison |
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230 chart, something that would list the specifications and merits of several |
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231 different operating systems. Microware was unable to obtain the information |
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232 it needed on Modular Windows. |
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233 |
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234 |
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235 </para><para> |
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236 |
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237 |
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238 "First I called Microsoft directly, and all I could get was 'Give us your |
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239 number and we'll call you back.' Then we asked a friend of ours to call |
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240 Microsoft as a developer and ask about Modular Windows, the normal sort of |
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241 play-acting shit we get from our competitors. What our friend got for an |
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242 answer was 'Well ... give us all the specs and information about the system |
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243 you're developing and we'll call you back.' " |
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244 |
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245 |
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246 </para><para> |
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247 |
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248 |
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249 Microware struggled to find someone who knew or would talk about |
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250 Modular Windows. They finally found a source at Tandy, where Modular |
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251 Windows was being used in the development of a home entertainment |
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252 system prototype. (Microsoft wouldn't talk about it with |
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253 <citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, either, but at press time has just announced its Tiger |
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254 database for interactive set-top |
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255 boxes.) |
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256 |
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257 </para><para> |
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258 |
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259 |
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260 "We talked to this technician who worked on their interactive project," says |
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261 Orduna. "He really didn't have specs either, but he bitched and bitched |
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262 about the integration process and how difficult it was to implement Modular |
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263 Windows on a consumer platform. So I called back the project manager at Bell |
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264 Atlantic and told him 'I'm faxing you back this OS-9 comparison chart, and I |
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265 really have to apologize beforehand for the gaping holes in there on the |
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266 Modular Windows part because we don't know them. But, we have the number of |
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267 this engineer you can call, and he can give you some insight on what it's |
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268 like to integrate Mod Windows on a consumer platform.' A couple days later |
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269 they said, 'OK, you're it.' " |
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270 |
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271 |
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272 </para><para> |
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273 |
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274 |
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275 As a corporate entity, Bell Atlantic didn't make an agreement with Microware |
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276 or specify DAVID as <emphasis>the</emphasis> operating system for its set-top terminals. It |
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277 merely published a set of specifications that only DAVID could meet. No deal |
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278 has been cut between the two companies, allowing each to keep its freedom |
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279 and avoiding any accusations of monopolistic or restrictive behavior on the |
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280 part of Bell Atlantic. |
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281 |
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282 |
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283 </para> |
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284 </section> |
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285 <section> |
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286 <title>Multimedia experts?</title> |
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287 |
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288 <para> |
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289 |
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290 |
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291 CERN and French smart cards may sound far removed from the world of home |
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292 entertainment systems, but Microware got its foot in that door a long time |
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293 ago. The company has been slowly building a presence in consumer electronics |
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294 since the early '80s. That's when Tandy used OS-9 in the Radio Shack Color |
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295 Computer, fondly remembered by some as the CoCo 3. |
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296 |
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297 |
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298 </para><para> |
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299 |
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300 |
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301 "We did the original operating system for the Tandy Color Computer," says |
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302 Kaplan. "We did a windowing GUI for that called Multiview. So we always |
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303 thought that OS-9 would be a good operating system for consumers. No one |
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304 back in those days was thinking about multimedia." |
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305 |
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306 |
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307 </para><para> |
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308 |
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309 |
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310 What they were thinking about was game machines. In the mid-1980s Microsoft |
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311 announced MSX (Microsoft Extended Basic), a product that was supposed to be |
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312 an industry standard for computer/game machines like the Commodore 64 and |
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313 the Atari 800. Microsoft worked with ASCII Corp. in Japan to push the |
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314 standard to a consortium of manufacturers including Sony, Matsushita, and |
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315 Yamaha. The plan was to introduce it in Japan and then bring the systems to |
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316 the states. It was not successful. In January 1986 Microsoft announced its |
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317 long-term commitment to CD-ROM development. By February 1986 Microsoft and |
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318 ASCII Corp. had dissolved their relationship. |
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319 |
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320 |
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321 </para><para> |
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322 |
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323 |
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324 Meanwhile, Microware's work for Tandy brought the firm to the attention of |
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325 Philips. Philips had made an early video game system called the Magnavox |
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326 Odyssey and had asked Microware to collaborate on a new product - originally |
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327 envisioned as a type of rack-mountable game system. (It eventually evolved |
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328 into CD-I.) After evaluating systems from 60 other companies, Philips |
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329 decided to ask Microware to develop CD-I's CD-RTOS, the operating system in |
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330 every Philips CD-I System. |
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331 |
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332 |
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333 </para><para> |
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334 |
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335 |
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336 Microware got the CD-I contract in January 1986, and in the summer of 1986 |
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337 Kaplan got a phone call from Silicon Valley. Bill Gates wanted to buy the |
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338 company. Kaplan didn't want to sell but was willing to talk about joint |
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339 ventures. Gates wasn't. The negotiations ended there before they had |
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340 started, and Gates's picture earned a place of honor on Kaplan's dart board. |
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341 |
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342 |
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343 </para><para> |
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344 |
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345 |
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346 In the meantime, to support CD-I development, Microware formed two joint |
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347 ventures in the interactive media field. The first is called OptImage. "Both |
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348 Philips and Microware had to develop software and hardware to make discs," |
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349 says Kaplan. "It's a chicken-and-egg problem. We needed to make discs to |
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350 test our software, to test the prototypes. It wouldn't be a core business |
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351 for either Philips or Microware, but somebody had to do it." Another |
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352 Microware joint venture called MicroMall has been running CD-I-based |
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353 shopping and information kiosks in several areas, including Chicago, as a |
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354 preliminary step in designing shopping services for interactive television. |
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355 The digital interactive "catalogs" at the heart of the systems use digital |
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356 stills, audio, and video to display items from J C Penney, Land's End, and |
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357 others. |
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358 |
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359 |
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360 </para> |
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361 |
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362 </section> |
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363 <section> |
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364 <title> |
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365 |
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366 Getting on the Net |
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367 </title> |
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368 |
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369 <para> |
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370 |
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371 |
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372 While he was working with Philips on CD-I, Kaplan began hearing about |
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373 another form of future multimedia |
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374 delivery. |
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375 |
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376 </para><para> |
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377 |
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378 |
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379 "Not long after we got involved with CD-I and understood digital audio and |
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380 digital video, it became clear that ultimately audio and video could be |
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381 delivered by a network," says Kaplan. "Maybe it would be even better to |
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382 deliver it via a network rather than via optical disk, but the transmission |
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383 technology and the digital video compression weren't quite there yet. I |
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384 remember back in '86 the Philips engineers said, 'There's a way to do it; we |
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385 can't make the silicon yet, but in four or five years we will.' So it was |
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386 known back then that it was doable." |
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387 |
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388 |
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389 </para><para> |
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390 |
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391 |
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392 OS-9's popularity in the telephone-switching world had landed Microware on |
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393 an advisory committee for Bell Atlantic. At about the same time that Philips |
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394 was beginning to talk about digital video, the phone companies were talking |
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395 about it as well. Bell Atlantic was starting to talk about sending digital |
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396 video over copper wires. Bell Atlantic asked Microware if the OS-9 inventor |
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397 wanted to participate in some of the research. About two years ago, |
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398 Microware realized that if it combined OS-9 modules written for phone |
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399 switching and telecommunications networking with the modules written for |
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400 digital audio and video, they had all the parts of an operating system for |
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401 set-top terminals. Soon after that, DAVID was born. |
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402 |
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403 |
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404 </para> |
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405 |
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406 </section> |
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407 <section> |
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408 <title> |
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409 |
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410 Driving a prototype |
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411 </title> |
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412 <para> |
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413 |
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414 |
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415 Recently, the folks from Microware have found themselves at a lot of trade |
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416 shows to show off DAVID, either on their own or sharing booths with Oracle |
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417 or set-top terminal manufacturers. If you walked into these booths, you'd |
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418 see a demonstration of digital video on demand being driven by a DAVID |
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419 set-top box talking to a video server. Additional DAVID networking protocols |
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420 on the set-top box and the server would be handling the communications |
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421 between the server's operating system and the DAVID system in the set-top |
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422 terminal. Of course, all this is transparent to you. All you see is the |
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423 interface designed by the set-top box manufacturer and the video delivered |
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424 by the server. |
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425 |
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426 |
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427 </para><para> |
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428 |
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429 |
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430 At a recent demonstration in Des Moines, Microware used a Kyocera prototype |
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431 set-top terminal. About the size of a standard cable decoder, the box came |
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432 with one of those massive, 3,000-button multiremotes that are becoming |
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433 standard in the consumer electronics industry. What wasn't standard were the |
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434 cursor-control-style keys in one section of the remote. Those were the ones |
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435 that drove the interactive part of the terminal. |
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436 |
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437 |
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438 </para><para> |
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439 |
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440 |
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441 The video was delivered by one of Microware's prototyping servers, through |
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442 T1 lines to the local phone company offices several miles away in downtown |
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443 Des Moines. The remote could perform VCR-type functions on the digitized |
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444 video quickly and with no sync problems. The system responded instantly, |
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445 much faster than a VCR. The only downside was the control of the "arrow |
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446 pointer" via the remote: infrared doesn't seem to be the most effective |
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447 communications channel between controller and terminal, and scrolling up and |
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448 down a screen is agonizing. |
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449 |
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450 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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451 </para> |
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452 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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453 </section> |
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454 <section> |
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455 <title> |
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456 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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457 |
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458 So what about Microsoft? |
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459 </title> |
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460 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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461 <para> |
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462 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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463 |
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464 Since January there's been a lot of press about Microsoft's plans for |
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465 interactive TV. From what's being said, Microsoft's model of a delivery |
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466 system is similar to Microware's. |
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467 |
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468 |
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469 </para><para> |
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470 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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471 |
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472 "We're looking at a switching broadband network," says Karl Buhl, marketing |
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473 manager in advanced consumer technology for Microsoft. "We'd have four parts |
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474 to the system: Tiger [Microsoft's current solution] continuous switching at |
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475 the head end, coax from the head end to the home, a set-top terminal in the |
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476 home, and a Microsoft software package running the system." |
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477 |
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478 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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479 </para><para> |
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480 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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481 |
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482 Conventional wisdom says Tiger will blow everything else away. Ken Kaplan |
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483 doesn't buy it. "Microsoft is coming into this business from a standing |
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484 start. No one wants them in this business anyway. They're not welcome." |
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485 |
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486 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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487 </para><para> |
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488 |
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489 |
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490 "If Ken thinks we're not wanted here in the industry he should talk |
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491 with TCI," Buhl counters. He says TCI's trials with Microsoft's Tiger |
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492 technology will begin in Seattle at the end of the year. (See |
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493 <citetitle>Wired</citetitle>'s <ulink url="http://www.wired.com/wired/2.07/features/malone.html">interview |
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494 with TCI head John Malone</ulink>, <citetitle>Wired</citetitle> 2.07) |
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495 |
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496 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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497 </para><para> |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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498 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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499 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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500 Obviously, Kaplan thinks it's not too early to count Microsoft out. "Bill |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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501 Gates says he's been spending hundreds of millions of dollars a year on this |
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502 business," Kaplan reasons. "Do you know what kind of return he's got to get |
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503 on that investment? There isn't that much money in set-top-box software, |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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504 sorry. Microsoft wants to get a piece of everything, probably per |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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505 transaction. The market can't afford that. It can't afford Microsoft, and |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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506 those in the industry don't want monopolists dominating their business. Not |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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507 to mention that Microsoft doesn't have a clue about this business. It's a |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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508 TV-set business, not a computer business. |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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509 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
510 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
511 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
512 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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513 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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514 "This happened to them once before. They missed the boat totally on |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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515 networking. That's why Novell took off. Bill didn't figure it out, he didn't |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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516 see it coming. He didn't approach it right, and Novell came in and ate his |
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517 lunch." |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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518 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
519 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
520 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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|
521 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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522 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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523 According to Microware's Orduna, DAVID was not just a lucky acronym |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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524 choice. While the name's been trademarked, the logo hasn't been |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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525 finalized. The first version of the DAVID logo followed the biblical |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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526 metaphor right down to a sling. That got a thumbs down as taking the |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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527 joke a bit too far. But if Microware <emphasis>really</emphasis> wants to get |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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528 Microsoft's goat, maybe it'll choose a logo inspired by |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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529 Novell. |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
530 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
531 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
532 </para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
533 </section> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
534 <section> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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535 <title> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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536 Why OS-9? |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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|
537 </title> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
538 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
539 <para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
540 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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diff
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|
541 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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542 Why do set-top terminal companies want a robotics operating system for |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
543 interactive television? |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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|
544 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
545 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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|
546 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
547 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
548 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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|
549 Most personal computing operating systems are large and relatively slow. |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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550 They still don't effectively multitask or run more than one application at a |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
551 time. They take up a lot of hard-drive space and memory. The multitasking |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
552 that systems like Windows and System 7 do is "cooperative." Different |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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553 applications rarely stop or pause each other; they wait for breaks in CPU |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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|
554 usage to have the computer change horses between them without shutting each |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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|
555 other down. These systems are almost polite. They have response times of |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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556 half a second at best. |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
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|
557 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
558 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
559 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
560 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
561 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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562 In robotics or manufacturing systems, operating system needs differ. The |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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563 scope of the operating system doesn't need to be as broad as that of a |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
564 computer operating system, and often it must be able to fit into the system |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
565 memory, right on the circuit board. True multitasking is vital. Different |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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566 applications, or tasks, need to be able to interrupt each other, and |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
567 quickly. A response time of half a second is much too slow. |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
diff
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|
568 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
570 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
571 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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diff
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573 "If a robot arm has reached its position, you probably need to tell it to do |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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574 something immediately," says Peter Dibble, a research scientist for |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
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|
575 Microware. "You can't have it just waiting around while another task clears |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
diff
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|
576 the screen." |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
577 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
578 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
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diff
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|
579 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
580 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
581 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
582 Operating systems for set-top terminals must be compact enough not to need a |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
583 lot of memory or a hard drive, in order to keep the cost of the box down. |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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584 They must also be fast and multitasking. A half-second response time can |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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parents:
diff
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|
585 give you frozen video or garbled audio. |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
588 </para><para> |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
changeset
|
589 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
590 |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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|
591 "There are a lot of things going on in a set-top box at once," says Curt |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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diff
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592 Schwaderer, a principal engineer at Microware. "First, you've got a |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
593 networking front end that's sending data in at 1.544 Mbits per second. While |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
594 all this networking stuff is trying to deal with (all this data coming in |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
roug
parents:
diff
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|
595 off the) T1, you've got another piece of the operating system that's taking |
f052edb830d2
Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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diff
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|
596 the data and playing a movie with it. Then there's the third, interactive |
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597 part, where you press buttons on a remote control. That requires more |
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598 processing going on inside the box and more networking-type data going back |
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599 and forth over the serial line so that you can do things like Fast-Forward, |
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600 Rewind, Stop, Go Back." |
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601 |
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602 |
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603 </para><para> |
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604 |
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605 |
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606 OS-9 is modular so that it can fit a wide variety of needs without taking up |
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607 a lot of system resources. A modular operating system allows designers to |
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608 pick exactly which parts they will need. The heart of the operating system, |
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609 called a kernel, fits in only 29 Kbytes of chip memory. DAVID, which is just |
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610 a specific mix of OS-9, networking, and video modules, will fit all the |
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611 necessary parts for a set-top terminal OS into about 256 Kbytes of memory |
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612 while running true multitasking, not cooperative multitasking. |
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613 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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614 |
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Article from 1994 about DAVID with background info about Microware
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615 </para><para> |
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616 |
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617 |
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618 Some set-top box manufacturers are waiting for the development of a video |
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619 compression scheme more advanced than the current MPEG 1. Not Microware. The |
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620 first DAVID set-top boxes will use systems that TCI initially passed on. |
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621 |
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622 |
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623 </para><para> |
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624 |
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625 |
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626 "I'd rather have something that works this year and see it get better |
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627 later," says Microware's Dibble. "It would be fun to be able to deliver the |
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628 set-top box that would start with HDTV and go on from there, the one that |
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629 wouldn't deliver anything but quadraphonic sound and wouldn't work unless |
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630 you had broadband fiber. Maybe that will happen. Maybe if we're lucky we |
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631 will be the people still doing it because we were the ones who delivered the |
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632 relatively not-so-wonderful |
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633 stuff." |
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634 |
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635 </para> |
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636 |
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637 |
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638 </section> |
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639 </article> |
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640 |