Mercurial > hg > Members > kono > nitros9-code
changeset 649:28d9e5a4ef52 Revision_F
XMLified
| author | roug |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 11 Dec 2002 20:41:50 +0000 |
| parents | f9c66ad345d1 |
| children | 7ff1a575e2e8 |
| files | docs/basic09/basic09.docbook docs/basic09/makefile |
| diffstat | 2 files changed, 277 insertions(+), 275 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/docs/basic09/basic09.docbook Tue Dec 10 22:33:52 2002 +0000 +++ b/docs/basic09/basic09.docbook Wed Dec 11 20:41:50 2002 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ -<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN" [ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY b09 "BASIC09"> - <!ENTITY minus "-"> + <!ENTITY mdash "—"> ]> <book id="basic09" lang="en"> <bookinfo> @@ -847,7 +849,7 @@ These commands are: <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1in"> +<colspec colwidth="1in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>RUN</entry> @@ -872,7 +874,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>[ ]</entry> @@ -984,7 +986,7 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>EDIT [<procname>]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>E [<procname>]</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1005,7 +1007,7 @@ </para> <cmdsynopsis> <command>KILL [<procname> {,<procname>}]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>KILL*</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1026,7 +1028,7 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>LIST [<procname> {,<procname>}] [> <pathlist>]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>LIST* [<pathlist>]</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1093,7 +1095,7 @@ </para> <cmdsynopsis> <command>MEM</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>MEM [<number>]</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1117,7 +1119,7 @@ </para> <cmdsynopsis> <command>PACK [<procname> {,<procname>}] [> <pathlist>]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>PACK* [<pathlist>]</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="2in"> +<colspec colwidth="2in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>pack sort</entry> @@ -1236,7 +1238,7 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>SAVE [<procname> { <procname>} [> <pathlist>]]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>SAVE* [<pathlist>]</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -1307,7 +1309,7 @@ <table frame="none"> <title>Edit Mode Commands</title> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="2in"> +<colspec colwidth="2in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><cr></entry> @@ -1322,11 +1324,11 @@ <entry>move edit pointer to end of text</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>−</entry> +<entry>-</entry> <entry>move edit pointer backward</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>−*</entry> +<entry>-*</entry> <entry>move edit pointer to beginning of text</entry> </row> <row> @@ -1467,7 +1469,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="2in"> +<colspec colwidth="2in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><line#> <text></entry> @@ -1542,22 +1544,22 @@ </para> <sect2><title>Moving the Edit Pointer</title> <para> -The "+" and "−" are used to reposition the edit pointer: +The "+" and "-" are used to reposition the edit pointer: <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="2in"> +<colspec colwidth="2in"/> <tbody> <row> -<entry>−</entry> +<entry>-</entry> <entry>moves backward one line</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>− <number></entry> +<entry>- <number></entry> <entry>moves backward n lines</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>−*</entry> +<entry>-*</entry> <entry>moves to the beginning of the procedure</entry> </row> <row> @@ -1612,7 +1614,7 @@ pointer location. The second form deletes ALL lines in the procedure (caution!). The editor accepts -"+*" and "−*" to mean to the end, or to the beginning of the procedure +"+*" and "-*" to mean to the end, or to the beginning of the procedure respectively. If the number is negative, that many lines BEFORE the current line is deleted. If a line number is omitted, only the current line is deleted. @@ -1815,7 +1817,7 @@ <programlisting> OS9: &b09; printreport("Past Due Accounts") -OS9: &b09; evaluate(COS(7.8814)/12.075,−22.5,129.055) +OS9: &b09; evaluate(COS(7.8814)/12.075,-22.5,129.055) </programlisting> </para> @@ -1938,7 +1940,7 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>DEG</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>RAD</command> </cmdsynopsis> These commands select either degrees or radians as the angle unit @@ -2030,7 +2032,7 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>TRON</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>TROFF</command> </cmdsynopsis> These commands turn the suspended procedure's trace mode on and off. In @@ -2212,8 +2214,8 @@ <table frame="none"> <title>&b09; Atomic Data Type Summary</title> <tgroup cols="3"> -<colspec colwidth="1.2in"> -<colspec colwidth="2.1in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.2in"/> +<colspec colwidth="2.1in"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Type:</entry> @@ -2229,12 +2231,12 @@ </row> <row> <entry>INTEGER</entry> -<entry>Whole Numbers 32768 to 32767</entry> +<entry>Whole Numbers -32768 to 32767</entry> <entry>Two bytes</entry> </row> <row> <entry>REAL</entry> -<entry>Floating Point +/ 1*10^38</entry> +<entry>Floating Point +/- 1*10^38</entry> <entry>Five bytes</entry> </row> <row> @@ -2278,7 +2280,7 @@ <sect2><title>Type INTEGER</title> <para> INTEGER variables consist of two bytes of storage, and hold a -numeric value in the range 32768 through 32767 as +numeric value in the range -32768 through 32767 as signed 16-bit data. Decimal points are not allowed. INTEGER constants may also be represented as hexadecimal values in the range $0000 through $FFFF to facilitate address calculations. INTEGER values @@ -2288,7 +2290,7 @@ <para> Arithmetic which results in values outside the INTEGER range does not cause run-time errors but instead "wraps around" modulo 65536; i.e., -32767 + 1 yields −32768. Division of an integer by another integer +32767 + 1 yields -32768. Division of an integer by another integer yields an integer result, and any remainder is discarded. The programmer should be aware that numeric comparisons made on values in the range 32767 through 65535 will actually be dealing with negative numbers, @@ -2324,7 +2326,7 @@ </para> <para> -The exponent covers the range 2.938735877 * 10^−39 (2^−128) +The exponent covers the range 2.938735877 * 10^-39 (2^-128) through 1.701411835 * 10^38 (2^127) as powers of 2. Operations which result in values out of the representation range cause overflow or underflow errors (which may be handled automatically by the ON ERROR @@ -2455,8 +2457,8 @@ <entry>9.8433218</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>−.01</entry> -<entry>−999.000099</entry> +<entry>-.01</entry> +<entry>-999.000099</entry> </row> <row> <entry>100000000</entry> @@ -2464,7 +2466,7 @@ </row> <row> <entry>1.95E+12</entry> -<entry>−99999.9E-33</entry> +<entry>-99999.9E-33</entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> @@ -2475,7 +2477,7 @@ <para> Numbers that do not have a decimal point and are in the range of -32768 to +32767 are treated as INTEGER numbers. +-32768 to +32767 are treated as INTEGER numbers. &b09; will also accept integer constants in hexadecimal in the range 0 to $FFFF. Hex numbers must have a leading dollar sign. Here are some examples of INTEGER constants: @@ -2485,7 +2487,7 @@ <tbody> <row> <entry>12</entry> -<entry>−3000</entry> +<entry>-3000</entry> <entry>64000</entry> </row> <row> @@ -2495,8 +2497,8 @@ </row> <row> <entry>0</entry> -<entry>−12</entry> -<entry>−32768</entry> +<entry>-12</entry> +<entry>-32768</entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> @@ -2744,7 +2746,7 @@ <table frame="none"> <title>&b09; Expression Operators</title> <tgroup cols="4"> -<colspec colwidth="0.8in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.8in"/> <thead> <row rowsep="1"> <entry>Operator</entry> @@ -2755,7 +2757,7 @@ </thead> <tbody> <row> -<entry>−</entry> +<entry>-</entry> <entry>Negation</entry> <entry>NUMERIC</entry> <entry>NUMERIC</entry> @@ -2785,7 +2787,7 @@ <entry>NUMERIC</entry> </row> <row> -<entry></entry> +<entry>-</entry> <entry>Subtraction</entry> <entry>NUMERIC</entry> <entry>NUMERIC</entry> @@ -2874,21 +2876,21 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="7"> -<colspec colname="c1"> -<colspec colname="c2"> -<colspec colname="c3"> -<colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="firstop" namest="c2" nameend="c2"> -<spanspec spanname="secondop" namest="c3" nameend="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="onlyop" namest="c2" nameend="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="all" namest="c1" nameend="c7"> +<colspec colname="c1"/> +<colspec colname="c2"/> +<colspec colname="c3"/> +<colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="firstop" namest="c2" nameend="c2"/> +<spanspec spanname="secondop" namest="c3" nameend="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="onlyop" namest="c2" nameend="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="all" namest="c1" nameend="c7"/> <tbody> <row> <entry spanname="all">Highest Precedence</entry> </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">NOT</entry> -<entry spanname="secondop">(negate)</entry> +<entry spanname="secondop">-(negate)</entry> </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">^</entry> @@ -2900,7 +2902,7 @@ </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">+</entry> -<entry spanname="secondop"></entry> +<entry spanname="secondop">-</entry> </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">></entry> @@ -2958,8 +2960,8 @@ <entry>a:= (b**(c**d))/e</entry> </row> <row> -<entry>a:= (b)**2</entry> -<entry>a:= (b)**2</entry> +<entry>a:= -(b)**2</entry> +<entry>a:= (-b)**2</entry> </row> <row> <entry>a:=b=c</entry> @@ -3009,7 +3011,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>SIN(<num>)</entry> @@ -3088,7 +3090,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>ABS(<num>)</entry> @@ -3096,7 +3098,7 @@ </row> <row> <entry>SGN(<num>)</entry> -<entry>signum of <num>: 1 if <num> < 0; 0 if <num> = 0; or 1 if <num> > 0</entry> +<entry>signum of <num>: -1 if <num> < 0; 0 if <num> = 0; or 1 if <num> > 0</entry> </row> <row> <entry>SQ(<num>)</entry> @@ -3115,7 +3117,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>FIX(<num>)</entry> @@ -3168,7 +3170,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>LAND(<num>,<num>)</entry> @@ -3194,7 +3196,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.7in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.7in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>CHR$(<int>)</entry> @@ -3235,7 +3237,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="1.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="1.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>TRUE</entry> @@ -3319,11 +3321,11 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>[LET] <var> := <expr></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>[LET] <var> = <expr></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>[LET] <struct> := <struct></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>[LET] <struct> = <struct></command> </cmdsynopsis> @@ -3436,9 +3438,9 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>IF <bool expr> THEN <statements></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>[ ELSE <statements> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>ENDIF</command> </cmdsynopsis> This kind of IF structure evaluates the expression to a BOOLEAN @@ -3476,7 +3478,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>FOR <var> = <expr> TO <expr> [ STEP <expr> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>NEXT <var></command> </cmdsynopsis> Creates a loop that usually executes a specified number of times @@ -3506,12 +3508,12 @@ NEXT counter -FOR var = min1 TO min+max STEP increment-adjustment +FOR var = min-1 TO min+max STEP increment-adjustment PRINT var NEXT var -FOR x = 1000 TO 1 STEP 1 +FOR x = 1000 TO 1 STEP -1 PRINT x NEXT x </programlisting> @@ -3522,7 +3524,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>WHILE <bool expr> DO</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>ENDWHILE</command> </cmdsynopsis> This is a loop construct with the test at the "top" of the @@ -3553,7 +3555,7 @@ INPUT word$ WHILE LEN(word$) > 0 DO backward$ := backward$ + RIGHT$(word$,1) - word$ := LEFT$(word$,LEN(word$)1) + word$ := LEFT$(word$,LEN(word$)-1) ENDWHILE word$ := backward$ PRINT word$ @@ -3566,7 +3568,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>REPEAT</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>UNTIL <bool expr></command> </cmdsynopsis> This is a loop that has its test at the bottom of the loop. The @@ -3588,7 +3590,7 @@ INPUT "Factorial of what number? ",n REPEAT temp := temp * n - n := n1 + n := n-1 UNTIL n <= 1.0 PRINT "The factorial is "; temp </programlisting> @@ -3599,13 +3601,13 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>LOOP</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>ENDLOOP</command> </cmdsynopsis> <cmdsynopsis> <command>EXITIF <bool expr> THEN <statements></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>ENDEXIT</command> </cmdsynopsis> These related types of statements can be used to construct @@ -3647,10 +3649,10 @@ EXITIF x < 0 THEN PRINT "x became zero first" ENDEXIT - x := x1 + x := x-1 EXITIF y < 0 THEN PRINT "y became zero first" ENDEXIT - y := y1 + y := y-1 ENDLOOP </programlisting> </informalexample> @@ -3680,7 +3682,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>GOSUB <line #></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>RETURN</command> </cmdsynopsis> The GOSUB statement @@ -3714,7 +3716,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>ON <int expr> GOTO <line #> {,<line #>}</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>ON <int expr> GOSUB <line #> {,<line #>}</command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements evaluate an integer expression and use the result to select @@ -3823,7 +3825,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>RUN <proc name> [ ( <param> {,<param>} ) ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>RUN <string var> [ ( <param> {,<param>} ) ]</command> </cmdsynopsis> This statement @@ -4168,7 +4170,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>CHD <str expr></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>CHX <str expr></command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements @@ -4183,7 +4185,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>DEG</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>RAD</command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements @@ -4197,7 +4199,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>BASE 0</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>BASE 1</command> </cmdsynopsis> @@ -4212,7 +4214,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>TRON</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>TROFF</command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements turn the trace mode on or off, and are useful for debugging. @@ -4225,7 +4227,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>REM <chars></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>(* <chars> [ *) ]</command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements are used to put comments in programs. The second form @@ -4293,16 +4295,16 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>DIM <decl seq> {; <decl seq>}</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><decl seq> := <decl> {, <decl>} : <type>}</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><decl> := <name> [, <subscript> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><subscr> := ( <const> [,<const> [,<const>]] )</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><type> := BYTE | INTEGER | REAL | BOOLEAN | STRING | STRING <max len> | <user defined type></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><user def> := user defined by TYPE statement</command> </cmdsynopsis> The DIM statement is used to declare simple variables, @@ -4395,7 +4397,7 @@ FOR index := 0 TO 99 list(index).data := "secret message " + STR$(index) list(index).ptr.fwd := index+1 - list(index).ptr.back := index1 + list(index).ptr.back := index-1 NEXT index (* fix the ends *) list(0).ptr.back := 99 @@ -4448,16 +4450,16 @@ <cmdsynopsis> <command>TYPE <type decl> {; <type decl>}</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><type decl> := <field name> . <decl> : <type>}</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><decl> := <name> [, <subscript> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><subscript> := ( <const> [,<const> [,<const>]] )</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><type> := BYTE | INTEGER | REAL | BOOLEAN | STRING | STRING [<max len>] | <user defined></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><user defined> := user defined by TYPE statement</command> </cmdsynopsis> @@ -4588,7 +4590,7 @@ in very special circumstances. The standard I/O path numbers are: <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>0</entry> @@ -4613,7 +4615,7 @@ unusual ways by advanced programmers to achieve certain special effects. <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="3"> -<colspec colwidth="0.8in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.8in"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Statement</entry> @@ -4712,7 +4714,7 @@ If any error occurs (type mismatch, insufficient amount of data, etc.), the message: <screen> -**INPUT ERROR RETYPE** +**INPUT ERROR - RETYPE** </screen> is displayed, followed by a new prompt. The entire input line must then be reentered. @@ -4752,11 +4754,11 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>PRINT <output list></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>PRINT #<int expr>, <output list></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>PRINT USING <str expr>, <output list></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>PRINT #<int expr>, USING <str expr>, <output list></command> </cmdsynopsis> This statement outputs the values of the items given in the output list @@ -4807,9 +4809,9 @@ PRINT #outpath USING fmt$,count,value -(* print an 80character line of all dashes *) +(* print an 80-character line of all dashes *) REPEAT - PRINT ""; + PRINT "-"; UNTIL POS >= 80 PRINT </programlisting> @@ -4821,9 +4823,9 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>OPEN #<int var>,"<str expr>" [ : <access mode> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><access mode> := <mode> ! <mode> + <access mode></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><mode> := READ ! WRITE ! UPDATE ! EXEC ! DIR</command> </cmdsynopsis> This statement issues a request to OS-9 to open an I/O path to an existing @@ -4871,9 +4873,9 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>CREATE #<int var>,"<str expr>" [ : <access mode> ]</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><access mode> := <mode> ! <mode> + <access mode></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command><mode> := WRITE ! UPDATE ! EXEC</command> </cmdsynopsis> The CREATE statement is used to create a new file on a multifile mass storage @@ -5012,7 +5014,7 @@ SEEK #outfile,208894 -SEEK #inventory,(part_num 1) * SIZE(inv_rcd) +SEEK #inventory,(part_num - 1) * SIZE(inv_rcd) </programlisting> </informalexample> @@ -5101,7 +5103,7 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>GET #<expr>,<struct name></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>PUT #<expr>,<struct name></command> </cmdsynopsis> The GET and PUT statements read and write fixed-size binary data records @@ -5208,7 +5210,7 @@ INPUT "List price? ",work_rec.list INPUT "Cost price? ",work_rec.cost INPUT "Quantity? ",work_rec.qty -SEEK #path, (recnum 1) * SIZE(work_rec) +SEEK #path, (recnum - 1) * SIZE(work_rec) PUT #path,work_rec </programlisting> This routine below uses a loop to read the entire file into the array @@ -5272,9 +5274,9 @@ Syntax: <cmdsynopsis> <command>READ <input list></command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>DATA <expr> , { <expr> }</command> -<sbr> +<sbr/> <command>RESTORE [ <line number> ]</command> </cmdsynopsis> These statements provide an efficient way to build constant tables @@ -5358,7 +5360,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.6in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.6in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>R</entry> @@ -5403,7 +5405,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="3"> -<colspec colwidth="0.4in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.4in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>w</entry> @@ -5447,7 +5449,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><</entry> @@ -5474,8 +5476,8 @@ <programlisting> PRINT USING "R8.2<",5678.123 5678.12 PRINT USING "R8.2>",12.3 12.30 -PRINT USING "R8.2<",555.9 555.90 -PRINT USING "10.2^",6722.4599 6722.46 +PRINT USING "R8.2<",-555.9 -555.90 +PRINT USING "10.2^",-6722.4599 6722.46- PRINT USING "R5.1","9999999" ***** </programlisting> </informalexample> @@ -5500,7 +5502,7 @@ <programlisting> PRINT USING "E12.3",1234.567 1.235E+03 -PRINT USING "E12.6>",0.001234 1.234000E-3 +PRINT USING "E12.6>",-0.001234 -1.234000E-3 </programlisting> </informalexample> @@ -5518,7 +5520,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><</entry> @@ -5561,7 +5563,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><</entry> @@ -5585,7 +5587,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>H2</entry> @@ -5636,7 +5638,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.3in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.3in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry><</entry> @@ -5686,7 +5688,7 @@ <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="0.5in"> +<colspec colwidth="0.5in"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>Tn</entry> @@ -5782,7 +5784,7 @@ (i.e., REAL, INTEGER, and BYTE) and does "automatic type conversions" between them, it is easy to write expressions or loops that take at least ten times longer to execute than is necessary. Some particular -&b09; numeric operators (+, , *, /) and control structures (FOR..NEXT) +&b09; numeric operators (+, -, *, /) and control structures (FOR..NEXT) include versions for both REAL and INTEGER values. The INTEGER versions, off course, are much faster and may have slightly different properties (e.g., INTEGER divides discard any remainder). Type conversions takes @@ -5821,8 +5823,8 @@ <table frame="none"> <title>Arithmetic Functions Ranked by Speed</title> <tgroup cols="2"> -<colspec colwidth="3in"> -<colspec colwidth="2in"> +<colspec colwidth="3in"/> +<colspec colwidth="2in"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Operation</entry> @@ -6004,7 +6006,7 @@ <programlisting> PROCEDURE fractions REM by T.F. Ritter - REM finds increasinglyclose rational approximations + REM finds increasingly-close rational approximations REM to the desired real value DIM m:INTEGER @@ -6014,9 +6016,9 @@ FOR m=1 TO 30000 n:=INT(.5+m*desired) trial:=n/m - IF ABS(trialdesired)<ABS(lastdesired) THEN + IF ABS(trial-desired)<ABS(last-desired) THEN PRINT n; "/"; m; " = "; trial, - PRINT "difference = "; trialdesired; + PRINT "difference = "; trial-desired; PRINT last:=trial ENDIF @@ -6030,7 +6032,7 @@ PARAM n:INTEGER DIM i:INTEGER - FOR i=15 TO 0 STEP 1 + FOR i=15 TO 0 STEP -1 IF n<0 THEN PRINT "1"; ELSE PRINT "0"; @@ -6053,9 +6055,9 @@ IF n=1 THEN PRINT "move #"; n; " from "; from; " to "; to_ ELSE - RUN hanoi(n1,from,other,to_) + RUN hanoi(n-1,from,other,to_) PRINT "move #"; n; " from "; from; " to "; to_ - RUN hanoi(n1,other,to_,from) + RUN hanoi(n-1,other,to_,from) ENDIF END @@ -6078,12 +6080,12 @@ WHILE x>=value DO PRINT MID$(char,i,1); - x:=xvalue + x:=x-value ENDWHILE - IF x>=valuesvalu THEN + IF x>=value-svalu THEN PRINT MID$(subs,i,1); MID$(char,i,1); - x:=xvalue+svalu + x:=x-value+svalu ENDIF NEXT i @@ -6092,7 +6094,7 @@ <programlisting> PROCEDURE eightqueens - REM originally by N. Wirth; here recoded from Pascal + REM originally by N. Wirth; here re-coded from Pascal REM finds the arrangements by which eight queens REM can be placed on a chess board without conflict DIM n,k,x(8):INTEGER @@ -6113,10 +6115,10 @@ BASE 0 REPEAT - IF col(h) AND up(nh+7) AND down(n+h) THEN + IF col(h) AND up(n-h+7) AND down(n+h) THEN (* set queen on square [n,h] *) x(n):=h - col(h):=FALSE \up(nh+7):=FALSE \down(n+h) := FALSE + col(h):=FALSE \up(n-h+7):=FALSE \down(n+h) := FALSE n:=n+1 IF n=8 THEN (* board full; print configuration *) @@ -6128,8 +6130,8 @@ ENDIF (* remove queen from square [n,h] *) - n:=n1 - col(h):=TRUE \up(nh+7):=TRUE \down(n+h):=TRUE + n:=n-1 + col(h):=TRUE \up(n-h+7):=TRUE \down(n+h):=TRUE ENDIF h:=h+1 UNTIL h=8 @@ -6138,9 +6140,9 @@ <programlisting> PROCEDURE electric - REM reprogrammed from "ELECTRIC" + REM re-programmed from "ELECTRIC" REM by Dwyer and Critchfield - REM Basic and the Personal Computer (AddisonWesley, 1978) + REM Basic and the Personal Computer (Addison-Wesley, 1978) REM provides a pictorial representation of the REM resultant electrical field around charged points DIM a(10),b(10),c(10) @@ -6149,7 +6151,7 @@ yscale:=50./32. INPUT "How many charges do you have? ",n - PRINT "The field of view is 050,050 (x,y)" + PRINT "The field of view is 0-50,0-50 (x,y)" FOR i=1 TO n PRINT "type in the x and y positions of charge "; PRINT i; @@ -6162,7 +6164,7 @@ NEXT i REM visit each screen position - FOR y=32 TO 0 STEP 1 + FOR y=32 TO 0 STEP -1 FOR x=0 TO 78 REM compute field strength into v GOSUB 10 @@ -6178,7 +6180,7 @@ 10 v=1. FOR i=1 TO n - r:=SQRT(SQ(xscale*xa(i))+SQ(yscale*yb(i))) + r:=SQRT(SQ(xscale*x-a(i))+SQ(yscale*y-b(i))) EXITIF r=.0 THEN v:=99999. ENDEXIT @@ -6210,22 +6212,22 @@ m:=top LOOP \REM each element gets the once over - REPEAT \REM this is a postinc instruction + REPEAT \REM this is a post-inc instruction btemp:=d(n)<d(top) n:=n+1 UNTIL NOT (btemp) - n:=n1 \REM point at the tested element + n:=n-1 \REM point at the tested element EXITIF n=m THEN ENDEXIT - REPEAT \REM this is a postdec instruction - m:=m1 + REPEAT \REM this is a post-dec instruction + m:=m-1 UNTIL d(m)<=d(top) OR m=n EXITIF n=m THEN ENDEXIT RUN exchange(d(m),d(n)) - n:=n+1 \REM prepare for postinc + n:=n+1 \REM prepare for post-inc EXITIF n=m THEN ENDEXIT @@ -6237,8 +6239,8 @@ ENDIF ENDIF - IF bot<n1 THEN - RUN qsort1(bot,n1,d) + IF bot<n-1 THEN + RUN qsort1(bot,n-1,d) ENDIF IF n+1<top THEN RUN qsort1(n+1,top,d) @@ -6354,7 +6356,7 @@ DIM i: INTEGER n:= n*256 - FOR i = 7 TO 0 STEP 1 + FOR i = 7 TO 0 STEP -1 IF n < 0 THEN PRINT "1"; ELSE PRINT "0"; ENDIF @@ -6381,10 +6383,10 @@ DIM i,carry:INTEGER carry:=0 - FOR i=5 TO 1 STEP 1 + FOR i=5 TO 1 STEP -1 c(i):=a(i)+b(i)+carry IF c(i)>=10000 THEN - c(i):=c(i)10000 + c(i):=c(i)-10000 carry:=1 ELSE carry:=0 ENDIF @@ -6398,8 +6400,8 @@ DIM i,borrow:INTEGER borrow:=0 - FOR i=5 TO 1 STEP 1 - c(i):=a(i)b(i)borrow + FOR i=5 TO 1 STEP -1 + c(i):=a(i)-b(i)-borrow IF c(i)<0 THEN c(i):=c(i)+10000 borrow:=1 @@ -6427,19 +6429,19 @@ PARAM a(5):INTEGER DIM n,i:INTEGER - INPUT "input ultraprecision number: ",b$ + INPUT "input ultra-precision number: ",b$ n:=SUBSTR(".",b$) IF n<>0 THEN a(5):=VAL(MID$(b$+"0000",n+1,4)) - b$:=LEFT$(b$,n1) + b$:=LEFT$(b$,n-1) ELSE a(5):=0 ENDIF b$:="00000000000000000000"+b$ n:=1+LEN(b$) - FOR i=4 TO 1 STEP 1 - n:=n4 + FOR i=4 TO 1 STEP -1 + n:=n-4 a(i):=VAL(MID$(b$,n,4)) NEXT i </programlisting> @@ -6483,8 +6485,8 @@ offset=VAL(rewrite)+1 LOOP EXITIF offset>256 THEN ENDEXIT - modloc=loc+offset1 - PRINT USING "h4,' ',h2",modloc,buffer(offset); + modloc=loc+offset-1 + PRINT USING "h4,' - ',h2",modloc,buffer(offset); INPUT ":",rewrite EXITIF rewrite="" THEN ENDEXIT IF rewrite<>" " THEN @@ -6508,10 +6510,10 @@ PARAM loc:REAL; line(16):buffer DIM i,j:INTEGER WHILE loc>65535. DO - loc=loc65536. + loc=loc-65536. ENDWHILE FOR j=1 TO 16 - PRINT USING "h4",FIX(INT(loc))+(j1)*16; + PRINT USING "h4",FIX(INT(loc))+(j-1)*16; PRINT ":"; FOR i=1 TO 8 PRINT USING "X1,H4",line(j).char(i); @@ -6528,7 +6530,7 @@ FOR i=1 TO 16 nextchar=line.char(i) IF nextchar>127 THEN - nextchar=nextchar128 + nextchar=nextchar-128 ENDIF IF nextchar<32 OR nextchar>125 THEN ascii=ascii+" " @@ -6541,7 +6543,7 @@ <programlisting> PROCEDURE MakeProc - (* Generates an OS9 command file to apply a command *) + (* Generates an OS-9 command file to apply a command *) (* Such as copy, del, etc., to all files in a directory *) (* or directory system. Author: L. Crane *) @@ -6594,7 +6596,7 @@ INPUT "Destination Directory? ",DestDir DestDir=TRIM$(DestDir) WRITE #ProcPath,"t" - WRITE #ProcPath,"TMode .1 pause" + WRITE #ProcPath,"TMode .1 -pause" READ #DirPath,DirLine INPUT "Use all files? ",response CopyAll=response="y" OR response="Y" @@ -6608,7 +6610,7 @@ WHILE j<=i AND MID$(DirLine,j,1)<>" " DO j=j+1 ENDWHILE - FileName=MID$(DirLine,k,jk) + FileName=MID$(DirLine,k,j-k) IF NOT(CopyAll) THEN PRINT "Use "; FileName; INPUT response @@ -7180,19 +7182,19 @@ <table frame="none"> <title>Operator Precedence</title> <tgroup cols="7"> -<colspec colname="c1"> -<colspec colname="c2"> -<colspec colname="c3"> -<colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="firstop" namest="c2" nameend="c2"> -<spanspec spanname="secondop" namest="c3" nameend="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="onlyop" namest="c2" nameend="c7"> -<spanspec spanname="all" namest="c1" nameend="c7"> +<colspec colname="c1"/> +<colspec colname="c2"/> +<colspec colname="c3"/> +<colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="firstop" namest="c2" nameend="c2"/> +<spanspec spanname="secondop" namest="c3" nameend="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="onlyop" namest="c2" nameend="c7"/> +<spanspec spanname="all" namest="c1" nameend="c7"/> <tbody> <row> <entry>highest -></entry> <entry spanname="firstop">NOT</entry> -<entry spanname="secondop">(negate)</entry> +<entry spanname="secondop">-(negate)</entry> </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">^</entry> @@ -7204,7 +7206,7 @@ </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">+</entry> -<entry spanname="secondop"></entry> +<entry spanname="secondop">-</entry> </row> <row> <entry spanname="firstop">></entry> @@ -7233,83 +7235,83 @@ <title>&b09; Error Codes</title> <para> <literallayout> -10 Unrecognized Symbol -11 Excessive Verbage (too many keywords or symbols) -12 Illegal Statement Construction -13 I-code Overflow (need more workspace memory) -14 Illegal Channel Reference (bad path number given) -15 Illegal Mode (Read/Write/Update/Dir only) -16 Illegal Number -17 Illegal Prefix -18 Illegal Operand -19 Illegal Operator - -20 Illegal Record Field Name -21 Illegal Dimension -22 Illegal Literal -23 Illegal Relational -24 Illegal Type Suffix -25 Too-Large Dimension -26 Too-Large Line Number -27 Missing Assignment Statement -28 Missing Path Number -29 Missing Comma - -30 Missing Dimension -31 Missing DO Statement -32 Memory Full (need more workspace memory) -33 Missing GOTO -34 Missing Left Parenthesis -35 Missing Line Reference -36 Missing Operand -37 Missing Right Parenthesis -38 Missing THEN statement -39 Missing TO - -40 Missing Variable Reference -41 No Ending Quote -42 Too Many Subscripts -43 Unknown Procedure -44 Multiply-Defined Procedure -45 Divide by Zero -46 Operand Type Mismatch -47 String Stack Overflow -48 Unimplemented Routine -49 Undefined Variable - -50 Floating Overflow -51 Line with Compiler Error -52 Value out of Range for Destination -53 Subroutine Stack Overflow -54 Subroutine Stack Underflow -55 Subscript out of Range -56 Parameter Error -57 System Stack Overflow -58 I/O Type Mismatch -59 I/O Numeric Input Format Bad - -60 I/O Conversion: Number out of Range -61 Illegal Input Format -62 I/O Format Repeat Error -63 I/O Format Syntax Error -64 Illegal Path Number -65 Wrong Number of Subscripts -66 Non-Record-Type Operand -67 Illegal Argument -68 Illegal Control Structure -69 Unmatched Control Structure - -70 Illegal FOR Variable -71 Illegal Expression Type -72 Illegal Declarative Statement -73 Array Size Overflow -74 Undefined Line Number -75 Multiply-Defined Line Number -76 Multiply-Defined Variable -77 Illegal Input Variable -78 Seek Out of Range -79 Missing Data Statement -80 Print Buffer Overflow +10 - Unrecognized Symbol +11 - Excessive Verbage (too many keywords or symbols) +12 - Illegal Statement Construction +13 - I-code Overflow (need more workspace memory) +14 - Illegal Channel Reference (bad path number given) +15 - Illegal Mode (Read/Write/Update/Dir only) +16 - Illegal Number +17 - Illegal Prefix +18 - Illegal Operand +19 - Illegal Operator + +20 - Illegal Record Field Name +21 - Illegal Dimension +22 - Illegal Literal +23 - Illegal Relational +24 - Illegal Type Suffix +25 - Too-Large Dimension +26 - Too-Large Line Number +27 - Missing Assignment Statement +28 - Missing Path Number +29 - Missing Comma + +30 - Missing Dimension +31 - Missing DO Statement +32 - Memory Full (need more workspace memory) +33 - Missing GOTO +34 - Missing Left Parenthesis +35 - Missing Line Reference +36 - Missing Operand +37 - Missing Right Parenthesis +38 - Missing THEN statement +39 - Missing TO + +40 - Missing Variable Reference +41 - No Ending Quote +42 - Too Many Subscripts +43 - Unknown Procedure +44 - Multiply-Defined Procedure +45 - Divide by Zero +46 - Operand Type Mismatch +47 - String Stack Overflow +48 - Unimplemented Routine +49 - Undefined Variable + +50 - Floating Overflow +51 - Line with Compiler Error +52 - Value out of Range for Destination +53 - Subroutine Stack Overflow +54 - Subroutine Stack Underflow +55 - Subscript out of Range +56 - Parameter Error +57 - System Stack Overflow +58 - I/O Type Mismatch +59 - I/O Numeric Input Format Bad + +60 - I/O Conversion: Number out of Range +61 - Illegal Input Format +62 - I/O Format Repeat Error +63 - I/O Format Syntax Error +64 - Illegal Path Number +65 - Wrong Number of Subscripts +66 - Non-Record-Type Operand +67 - Illegal Argument +68 - Illegal Control Structure +69 - Unmatched Control Structure + +70 - Illegal FOR Variable +71 - Illegal Expression Type +72 - Illegal Declarative Statement +73 - Array Size Overflow +74 - Undefined Line Number +75 - Multiply-Defined Line Number +76 - Multiply-Defined Variable +77 - Illegal Input Variable +78 - Seek Out of Range +79 - Missing Data Statement +80 - Print Buffer Overflow </literallayout> Error codes above 80 are those used by OS-9 or other external programs. @@ -7348,16 +7350,16 @@ colour and colour set. The mode and colour codes are given in the table on the next page. </para> -<beginpage> +<beginpage/> <table frame="none"> <title>Colour Graphics Modes and Colour Codes</title> <tgroup cols="6"> -<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="0.6in"> -<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="0.4in"> -<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1in"> -<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="1in"> -<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="1in"> -<colspec colname="c6" colwidth="1in"> +<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="0.6in"/> +<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="0.4in"/> +<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1in"/> +<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="1in"/> +<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="1in"/> +<colspec colname="c6" colwidth="1in"/> <thead> <row> <entry morerows="1" namest="c2">Colour Code</entry> @@ -7530,7 +7532,7 @@ </para> <bridgehead renderas="sect2">POINT</bridgehead> <cmdsynopsis> -<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Point",X,Y) or</command><sbr> +<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Point",X,Y) or</command><sbr/> <command>RUN GFX("Point",X,Y,Colour)</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -7547,7 +7549,7 @@ </para> <bridgehead renderas="sect2">CLEAR</bridgehead> <cmdsynopsis> -<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Clear") or</command><sbr> +<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Clear") or</command><sbr/> <command>RUN GFX("Clear",Colour)</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -7557,9 +7559,9 @@ </para> <bridgehead renderas="sect2">LINE</bridgehead> <cmdsynopsis> -<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Line",x2,y2)</command><sbr> -<command>RUN GFX("Line",x2,y2,Colour)</command><sbr> -<command>RUN GFX("Line",x1,y1,x2,y2)</command><sbr> +<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Line",x2,y2)</command><sbr/> +<command>RUN GFX("Line",x2,y2,Colour)</command><sbr/> +<command>RUN GFX("Line",x1,y1,x2,y2)</command><sbr/> <command>RUN GFX("Line",x1,y1,x2,y2,Colour)</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -7581,9 +7583,9 @@ </para> <bridgehead renderas="sect2">CIRCLE</bridgehead> <cmdsynopsis> -<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Circle",Radius)</command><sbr> -<command>RUN GFX("Circle",Radius,Colour)</command><sbr> -<command>RUN GFX("Circle",X,Y,Radius)</command><sbr> +<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Circle",Radius)</command><sbr/> +<command>RUN GFX("Circle",Radius,Colour)</command><sbr/> +<command>RUN GFX("Circle",X,Y,Radius)</command><sbr/> <command>RUN GFX("Circle",X,Y,Radius,Colour)</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para> @@ -7622,7 +7624,7 @@ </para> <bridgehead renderas="sect2">GCOLR</bridgehead> <cmdsynopsis> -<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Gcolr",Colour)</command><sbr> +<command>Calling Syntax: RUN GFX("Gcolr",Colour)</command><sbr/> <command>RUN GFX("Gcolr",X,Y,Colour)</command> </cmdsynopsis> <para>
--- a/docs/basic09/makefile Tue Dec 10 22:33:52 2002 +0000 +++ b/docs/basic09/makefile Wed Dec 11 20:41:50 2002 +0000 @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ BOOK = basic09 -STYLESHEET = docbook-utils.dsl +STYLESHEET = docbook-utils-a4.dsl all: $(BOOK).pdf $(BOOK).pdf: $(BOOK).docbook $(STYLESHEET) - docbook2pdf -d $(STYLESHEET) $(BOOK).docbook + docbook2pdf -d $(STYLESHEET)#print $(BOOK).docbook $(BOOK).ps: $(BOOK).docbook $(STYLESHEET) - docbook2ps -d $(STYLESHEET) $(BOOK).docbook + docbook2ps -d $(STYLESHEET)#print $(BOOK).docbook $(BOOK).htm: $(BOOK).docbook $(STYLESHEET) $(RM) *.htm *.html