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annotate docs/GoldPlugin.rst @ 107:a03ddd01be7e

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author Kaito Tokumori <e105711@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Sun, 31 Jan 2016 17:34:49 +0900
parents 60c9769439b8
children 1172e4bd9c6f
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1 ====================
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2 The LLVM gold plugin
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3 ====================
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4
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5 Introduction
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6 ============
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7
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8 Building with link time optimization requires cooperation from
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9 the system linker. LTO support on Linux systems requires that you use the
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10 `gold linker`_ which supports LTO via plugins. This is the same mechanism
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11 used by the `GCC LTO`_ project.
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12
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13 The LLVM gold plugin implements the gold plugin interface on top of
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14 :ref:`libLTO`. The same plugin can also be used by other tools such as
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15 ``ar`` and ``nm``.
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16
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17 .. _`gold linker`: http://sourceware.org/binutils
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18 .. _`GCC LTO`: http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/LinkTimeOptimization
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19 .. _`gold plugin interface`: http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/whopr/driver
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20
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21 .. _lto-how-to-build:
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22
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23 How to build it
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24 ===============
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25
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26 You need to have gold with plugin support and build the LLVMgold plugin.
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27 Check whether you have gold running ``/usr/bin/ld -v``. It will report "GNU
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28 gold" or else "GNU ld" if not. If you have gold, check for plugin support
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29 by running ``/usr/bin/ld -plugin``. If it complains "missing argument" then
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30 you have plugin support. If not, such as an "unknown option" error then you
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31 will either need to build gold or install a version with plugin support.
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32
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33 * Download, configure and build gold with plugin support:
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34
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35 .. code-block:: bash
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36
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37 $ git clone --depth 1 git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git binutils
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38 $ mkdir build
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39 $ cd build
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40 $ ../binutils/configure --enable-gold --enable-plugins --disable-werror
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41 $ make all-gold
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42
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43 That should leave you with ``build/gold/ld-new`` which supports
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44 the ``-plugin`` option. Running ``make`` will additionally build
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45 ``build/binutils/ar`` and ``nm-new`` binaries supporting plugins.
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46
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47 * Build the LLVMgold plugin. If building with autotools, run configure with
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48 ``--with-binutils-include=/path/to/binutils/include`` and run ``make``.
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49 If building with CMake, run cmake with
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50 ``-DLLVM_BINUTILS_INCDIR=/path/to/binutils/include``. The correct include
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51 path will contain the file ``plugin-api.h``.
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52
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53 Usage
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54 =====
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55
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56 The linker takes a ``-plugin`` option that points to the path of
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57 the plugin ``.so`` file. To find out what link command ``gcc``
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58 would run in a given situation, run ``gcc -v [...]`` and
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59 look for the line where it runs ``collect2``. Replace that with
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60 ``ld-new -plugin /path/to/LLVMgold.so`` to test it out. Once you're
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61 ready to switch to using gold, backup your existing ``/usr/bin/ld``
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62 then replace it with ``ld-new``.
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63
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64 You should produce bitcode files from ``clang`` with the option
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65 ``-flto``. This flag will also cause ``clang`` to look for the gold plugin in
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66 the ``lib`` directory under its prefix and pass the ``-plugin`` option to
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67 ``ld``. It will not look for an alternate linker, which is why you need
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68 gold to be the installed system linker in your path.
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69
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70 ``ar`` and ``nm`` also accept the ``-plugin`` option and it's possible to
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71 to install ``LLVMgold.so`` to ``/usr/lib/bfd-plugins`` for a seamless setup.
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72 If you built your own gold, be sure to install the ``ar`` and ``nm-new`` you
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73 built to ``/usr/bin``.
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74
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75
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76 Example of link time optimization
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77 ---------------------------------
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78
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79 The following example shows a worked example of the gold plugin mixing LLVM
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80 bitcode and native code.
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81
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82 .. code-block:: c
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83
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84 --- a.c ---
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85 #include <stdio.h>
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86
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87 extern void foo1(void);
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88 extern void foo4(void);
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89
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90 void foo2(void) {
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91 printf("Foo2\n");
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92 }
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93
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94 void foo3(void) {
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95 foo4();
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96 }
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97
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98 int main(void) {
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99 foo1();
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100 }
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101
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102 --- b.c ---
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103 #include <stdio.h>
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104
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105 extern void foo2(void);
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106
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107 void foo1(void) {
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108 foo2();
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109 }
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110
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111 void foo4(void) {
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112 printf("Foo4");
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113 }
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114
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115 .. code-block:: bash
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116
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117 --- command lines ---
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118 $ clang -flto a.c -c -o a.o # <-- a.o is LLVM bitcode file
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119 $ ar q a.a a.o # <-- a.a is an archive with LLVM bitcode
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120 $ clang b.c -c -o b.o # <-- b.o is native object file
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121 $ clang -flto a.a b.o -o main # <-- link with LLVMgold plugin
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122
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123 Gold informs the plugin that foo3 is never referenced outside the IR,
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124 leading LLVM to delete that function. However, unlike in the :ref:`libLTO
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125 example <libLTO-example>` gold does not currently eliminate foo4.
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126
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127 Quickstart for using LTO with autotooled projects
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128 =================================================
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129
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130 Once your system ``ld``, ``ar``, and ``nm`` all support LLVM bitcode,
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131 everything is in place for an easy to use LTO build of autotooled projects:
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132
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133 * Follow the instructions :ref:`on how to build LLVMgold.so
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134 <lto-how-to-build>`.
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135
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136 * Install the newly built binutils to ``$PREFIX``
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137
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138 * Copy ``Release/lib/LLVMgold.so`` to ``$PREFIX/lib/bfd-plugins/``
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139
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140 * Set environment variables (``$PREFIX`` is where you installed clang and
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141 binutils):
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142
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143 .. code-block:: bash
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144
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145 export CC="$PREFIX/bin/clang -flto"
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146 export CXX="$PREFIX/bin/clang++ -flto"
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147 export AR="$PREFIX/bin/ar"
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148 export NM="$PREFIX/bin/nm"
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149 export RANLIB=/bin/true #ranlib is not needed, and doesn't support .bc files in .a
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150
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151 * Or you can just set your path:
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152
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153 .. code-block:: bash
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154
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155 export PATH="$PREFIX/bin:$PATH"
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156 export CC="clang -flto"
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157 export CXX="clang++ -flto"
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158 export RANLIB=/bin/true
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159 * Configure and build the project as usual:
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160
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161 .. code-block:: bash
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162
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163 % ./configure && make && make check
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164
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165 The environment variable settings may work for non-autotooled projects too,
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166 but you may need to set the ``LD`` environment variable as well.
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167
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168 Licensing
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169 =========
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170
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171 Gold is licensed under the GPLv3. LLVMgold uses the interface file
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172 ``plugin-api.h`` from gold which means that the resulting ``LLVMgold.so``
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173 binary is also GPLv3. This can still be used to link non-GPLv3 programs
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174 just as much as gold could without the plugin.