annotate docs/HowToUseInstrMappings.rst @ 107:a03ddd01be7e

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author Kaito Tokumori <e105711@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Sun, 31 Jan 2016 17:34:49 +0900
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1 ===============================
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2 How To Use Instruction Mappings
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3 ===============================
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4
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5 .. contents::
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6 :local:
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7
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8 Introduction
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9 ============
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10
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11 This document contains information about adding instruction mapping support
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12 for a target. The motivation behind this feature comes from the need to switch
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13 between different instruction formats during various optimizations. One approach
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14 could be to use switch cases which list all the instructions along with formats
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15 they can transition to. However, it has large maintenance overhead
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16 because of the hardcoded instruction names. Also, whenever a new instruction is
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17 added in the .td files, all the relevant switch cases should be modified
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18 accordingly. Instead, the same functionality could be achieved with TableGen and
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19 some support from the .td files for a fraction of maintenance cost.
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20
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21 ``InstrMapping`` Class Overview
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22 ===============================
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23
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24 TableGen uses relationship models to map instructions with each other. These
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25 models are described using ``InstrMapping`` class as a base. Each model sets
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26 various fields of the ``InstrMapping`` class such that they can uniquely
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27 describe all the instructions using that model. TableGen parses all the relation
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28 models and uses the information to construct relation tables which relate
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29 instructions with each other. These tables are emitted in the
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30 ``XXXInstrInfo.inc`` file along with the functions to query them. Following
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31 is the definition of ``InstrMapping`` class definied in Target.td file:
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32
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33 .. code-block:: llvm
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34
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35 class InstrMapping {
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36 // Used to reduce search space only to the instructions using this
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37 // relation model.
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38 string FilterClass;
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39
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40 // List of fields/attributes that should be same for all the instructions in
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41 // a row of the relation table. Think of this as a set of properties shared
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42 // by all the instructions related by this relationship.
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43 list<string> RowFields = [];
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44
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45 // List of fields/attributes that are same for all the instructions
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46 // in a column of the relation table.
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47 list<string> ColFields = [];
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48
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49 // Values for the fields/attributes listed in 'ColFields' corresponding to
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50 // the key instruction. This is the instruction that will be transformed
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51 // using this relation model.
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52 list<string> KeyCol = [];
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53
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54 // List of values for the fields/attributes listed in 'ColFields', one for
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55 // each column in the relation table. These are the instructions a key
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56 // instruction will be transformed into.
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57 list<list<string> > ValueCols = [];
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58 }
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59
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60 Sample Example
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61 --------------
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62
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63 Let's say that we want to have a function
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64 ``int getPredOpcode(uint16_t Opcode, enum PredSense inPredSense)`` which
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65 takes a non-predicated instruction and returns its predicated true or false form
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66 depending on some input flag, ``inPredSense``. The first step in the process is
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67 to define a relationship model that relates predicated instructions to their
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68 non-predicated form by assigning appropriate values to the ``InstrMapping``
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69 fields. For this relationship, non-predicated instructions are treated as key
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70 instruction since they are the one used to query the interface function.
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71
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72 .. code-block:: llvm
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73
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74 def getPredOpcode : InstrMapping {
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75 // Choose a FilterClass that is used as a base class for all the
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76 // instructions modeling this relationship. This is done to reduce the
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77 // search space only to these set of instructions.
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78 let FilterClass = "PredRel";
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79
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80 // Instructions with same values for all the fields in RowFields form a
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81 // row in the resulting relation table.
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82 // For example, if we want to relate 'ADD' (non-predicated) with 'Add_pt'
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83 // (predicated true) and 'Add_pf' (predicated false), then all 3
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84 // instructions need to have same value for BaseOpcode field. It can be any
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85 // unique value (Ex: XYZ) and should not be shared with any other
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86 // instruction not related to 'add'.
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87 let RowFields = ["BaseOpcode"];
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88
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89 // List of attributes that can be used to define key and column instructions
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90 // for a relation. Key instruction is passed as an argument
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91 // to the function used for querying relation tables. Column instructions
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92 // are the instructions they (key) can transform into.
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93 //
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94 // Here, we choose 'PredSense' as ColFields since this is the unique
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95 // attribute of the key (non-predicated) and column (true/false)
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96 // instructions involved in this relationship model.
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97 let ColFields = ["PredSense"];
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98
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99 // The key column contains non-predicated instructions.
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100 let KeyCol = ["none"];
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101
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102 // Two value columns - first column contains instructions with
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103 // PredSense=true while second column has instructions with PredSense=false.
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104 let ValueCols = [["true"], ["false"]];
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105 }
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106
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107 TableGen uses the above relationship model to emit relation table that maps
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108 non-predicated instructions with their predicated forms. It also outputs the
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109 interface function
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110 ``int getPredOpcode(uint16_t Opcode, enum PredSense inPredSense)`` to query
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111 the table. Here, Function ``getPredOpcode`` takes two arguments, opcode of the
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112 current instruction and PredSense of the desired instruction, and returns
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113 predicated form of the instruction, if found in the relation table.
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114 In order for an instruction to be added into the relation table, it needs
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115 to include relevant information in its definition. For example, consider
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116 following to be the current definitions of ADD, ADD_pt (true) and ADD_pf (false)
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117 instructions:
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118
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119 .. code-block:: llvm
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120
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121 def ADD : ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst), (ins IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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122 "$dst = add($a, $b)",
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123 [(set (i32 IntRegs:$dst), (add (i32 IntRegs:$a),
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124 (i32 IntRegs:$b)))]>;
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125
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126 def ADD_Pt : ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst),
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127 (ins PredRegs:$p, IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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128 "if ($p) $dst = add($a, $b)",
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129 []>;
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130
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131 def ADD_Pf : ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst),
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132 (ins PredRegs:$p, IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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133 "if (!$p) $dst = add($a, $b)",
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134 []>;
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135
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136 In this step, we modify these instructions to include the information
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137 required by the relationship model, <tt>getPredOpcode</tt>, so that they can
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138 be related.
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139
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140 .. code-block:: llvm
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141
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142 def ADD : PredRel, ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst), (ins IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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143 "$dst = add($a, $b)",
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144 [(set (i32 IntRegs:$dst), (add (i32 IntRegs:$a),
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145 (i32 IntRegs:$b)))]> {
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146 let BaseOpcode = "ADD";
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147 let PredSense = "none";
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148 }
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149
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150 def ADD_Pt : PredRel, ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst),
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151 (ins PredRegs:$p, IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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152 "if ($p) $dst = add($a, $b)",
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153 []> {
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154 let BaseOpcode = "ADD";
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155 let PredSense = "true";
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156 }
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157
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158 def ADD_Pf : PredRel, ALU32_rr<(outs IntRegs:$dst),
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159 (ins PredRegs:$p, IntRegs:$a, IntRegs:$b),
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160 "if (!$p) $dst = add($a, $b)",
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161 []> {
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162 let BaseOpcode = "ADD";
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163 let PredSense = "false";
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164 }
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165
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166 Please note that all the above instructions use ``PredRel`` as a base class.
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167 This is extremely important since TableGen uses it as a filter for selecting
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168 instructions for ``getPredOpcode`` model. Any instruction not derived from
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169 ``PredRel`` is excluded from the analysis. ``BaseOpcode`` is another important
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170 field. Since it's selected as a ``RowFields`` of the model, it is required
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171 to have the same value for all 3 instructions in order to be related. Next,
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172 ``PredSense`` is used to determine their column positions by comparing its value
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173 with ``KeyCol`` and ``ValueCols``. If an instruction sets its ``PredSense``
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174 value to something not used in the relation model, it will not be assigned
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175 a column in the relation table.