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author Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Mon, 24 Feb 2014 14:18:43 +0900
parents 9b071b32e3de
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
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2
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3 <html>
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4 <head>
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5 <title>Presentation</title>
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6
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7 <meta charset='utf-8'>
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8 <script
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9 src='./slides.js'></script>
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10 </head>
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11
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12 <style>
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13 /* Your individual styles here, or just use inline styles if that’s
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14 what you want. */
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15
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16 </style>
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17
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18 <body style='display: none'>
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19 <section class='slides layout-regular template-default'>
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20
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21 <!--
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22 Your slides (<article>s) go here. Delete or comment out the
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23 slides below.
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24 -->
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25 <article >
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26 <h1>Cerium による並列処理向け I/O の設計と実装</h1>
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27 <h3 class="title">Masataka Kohagura 12th, February</h3>
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28 <div align="right">担当教官 : 河野 真治</div>
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29 </article>
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30 <article >
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31 <h3>研究背景と目的</h3>
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32 <p>
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33 近年のCPUのほとんどはマルチコアであり、それらの性能を引き出すためには並列プログラミングが必須となっている。そこで当研究室では Cerium Library の開発を行い、提供することによって並列プログラミングを容易にしている。
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34 </p>
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35 <p>
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36 先行研究では Task の並列化によって、プログラム全体の処理速度は向上しているが、ファイル読み込み等の I/O に対して並列に Task が動作するようにはされていない。
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37 </p>
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38 <p>
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39 本研究では I/O と Task の並列化の設計、実装によってプログラム全体の処理速度、処理効率を上げていく。
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40 </p>
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41 </article>
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42
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43 <article>
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44 <h3>Cerium とは</h3>
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45 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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46 <tbody>
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47 <tr>
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48 <td><img src='images/createtask.png' style="height:350px"></td>
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49 <td>
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50 <ol>
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51 <li>Taskを生成</li>
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52 <li>依存関係のチェック</li>
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53 <li>Schedulerに転送</li>
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54 <li>並列実行</li>
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55 </ol>
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56 </td>
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57 </tr>
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58 </tbody>
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59 </table>
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60 <p>
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61 CpuThreads、Schedulerに対応させる形でGpuThreadsとGpuSchedulerを作成した
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62 </p>
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63 </article>
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64
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65
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66 <article>
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67 <h3>GPU Task実行の流れ</h3>
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68 <br>
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69 <h3 class="yellow">kernel fileの記述</h3>
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70 <pre>__kernel void // kernel.cl(kernel file)
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71 twice(__global int *input_data,__global int *output_data) {
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72 long count = (long)data_count[0];
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73 for (int i = 0; i&lt count; i++) {
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74 output_data[i] = input_data[i] * 2;;
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75 }
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76 }
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77 </pre>
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78 </article>
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79
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80 <article>
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81 <h3>GPU Task 実行の流れ</h3>
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82 <br>
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83 <h3 class="yellow">kernelをTaskとしてCeriumに登録</h3>
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84 <pre>void
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85 task_init(void) { // task_init.cc
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86 GpuSchedRegister(Twice, "./twice.cl", "twice");
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87 }</pre>
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88 <table border="2" style="font-size:18pt;">
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89 <tbody>
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90 <tr>
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91 <td> 第1引数<br>Twice</td>
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92 <td >Taskのid。enumで定義されている<br>TaskManagerはこの値でTaskを識別する</td>
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93 </tr>
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94 <tr>
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95 <td> 第2引数<br>"./twice.cl"</td>
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96 <td>OpenCLが処理するkernelが記述されているファイルのパス</td>
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97 </tr>
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98 <tr>
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99 <td> 第3引数<br>"twice"</td>
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100 <td >関数の指定。kernel file内にある、実行する関数名を指定<br>
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101 Taskにあたる部分</td>
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102 </tr>
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103 </tbody>
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104 </table>
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105 </article>
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106
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107 <article class="nobackground">
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108 <h3>GPU Task 実行の流れ</h3><br>
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109 <h3 class="yellow">GPU Task生成</h3>
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110 <pre>// main.cc
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111 HTaskPtr twice = manager->create_task(Twice);
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112 twice->set_inData(0, indata, sizeof (int)*length);
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113 // twice->set_inData(1, indata2, sizeof (int)*length);
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114 twice->set_outData(0, outdata, sizeof (int)*length);
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115 twice->set_cpu(GPU);
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116 twice->spawn();
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117 </pre>
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118 </article>
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119
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120 <article>
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121 <h3>Cerium OpenCL API比較</h3>
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122 <img src='images/api.png' style="height:500px">
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123 </article>
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124
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125 <article class="nobackground">
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126 <h3>ベンチマーク</h3>
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127 <table >
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128 <tbody>
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129 <tr>
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130 <td> <!-- benchmark -->
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131 <table border="2" style="font-size:18pt;">
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132 <tbody>
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133 <tr>
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134 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"></td>
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135 <td style="text-align: center;">Time</td>
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136 </tr>
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137 <tr>
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138 <td style="text-align: center;">1 CPU</td>
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139 <td style="text-align: right;"> 796 ms</td>
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140 </tr>
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141 <tr>
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142 <td style="text-align: center;">2 CPU</td>
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143 <td style="text-align: right;"> 439 ms</td>
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144 </tr>
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145 <tr>
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146 <td style="text-align: center;">6 CPU</td>
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147 <td style="text-align: right;"> 153 ms</td>
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148 </tr>
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149 <tr>
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150 <td style="text-align: center;">12 CPU</td>
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151 <td style="text-align: right;"> 96 ms</td>
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152 </tr>
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153 <tr>
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154 <td style="text-align: center;">24 CPU</td>
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155 <td style="text-align: right;"> 89 ms</td>
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156 </tr>
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157 <tr>
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158 <td style="text-align: center;" bgcolor="#ffffcc">GPU(改良前)</td>
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159 <td style="text-align: right; " bgcolor="#ffffcc"> 330752 ms</td>
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160 </tr>
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161 <tr>
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162 <td style="text-align: center;" bgcolor="#ffffcc">GPU(改良後)</td>
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163 <td style="text-align: right;" bgcolor="#ffffcc"> 5306 ms</td>
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164 </tr>
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165 </tbody>
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166 </table>
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167 </td> <!-- /benchmark -->
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168 <td> <!-- system env -->
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169 <h3 class="yellow">10万入力によるBitonic Sort</h3>
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170 <font size="5">
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171 <p>実験環境</p>
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172 OS : MacOS 10.8.2<br>
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173 CPU : 2*2.66GHz 6-CoreIntel Xeon<br>
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174 Memory : 16GB<br>
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175 Compiler : Apple clang version 4.1 <br>　　　　　(based on LLVM 3.1svn)<br>
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176 GPU : AMD ATI Radeon HD 5870 1024MB<br>
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177 </font>
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178 <h3 class="yellow">結果</h3>
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179 1coreのCPUよりも10倍遅い
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180 </td> <!--system env -->
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181 </tr>
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182 </tbody>
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183 </table>
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184 <p>
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185 充分な性能が出なかったため、一度に送信する
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186 data のサイズを増やす改善を行ったところ、
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187 <font color="red">約60倍</font>程実行速度が向上した
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188 </p>
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189 </article>
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190 <article>
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191 <h3>考察</h3>
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192 <p>
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193 性能向上は見られたが、CPUと比べると未だ差が開いている
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194 GPU向けに適切なチューニングが今後の課題となる
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195 </p><br>
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196 <h3 class="yellow">改善案</h3>
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197 <ul>
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198 <li>データ並列によるkernelの実行</li>
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199 <li>同期機構の見直し</li>
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200 </ul>
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201 </article>
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202 <article>
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203 <h3>データ並列</h3>
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204 <p>
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205 データを2、3次元に分割し、分割した部分に対して並列処理する並列化手法。
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206 </p>
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207 <p>
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208 OpenCL ではin/outするデータ郡をWork Itemと呼ぶ。
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209 </p>
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210 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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211 <tbody>
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212 <tr>
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213 <td><img src='images/ndrange_arch.png' style="height:350px"></td>
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214 <td>各Work Item のサイズを指定するとOpenCLがデータ並列で実行する。</td>
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215 </tr>
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216 </tbody>
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217 </table>
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218 </article>
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219 <article>
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220 <h3>同期機構</h3>
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221 <p>
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222 GpuSchedulerはCommand Queueの内部でパイプライン的に実行を行っている。
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223 パイプラインを構成するには処理にwaitをかける必要がある。現在はclWaitForEvent APIを使用
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224 </p>
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225 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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226 <tbody>
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227 <tr>
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228 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">API</font></td>
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229 <td>機能</td>
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230 </tr>
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231 <tr>
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232 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">clFlush()</font></td>
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233 <td>Command Queueに投入したTask全てをDeviceで実行する</td>
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234 </tr>
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235 <tr>
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236 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">clWaitForEvent()</font></td>
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237 <td>特定の処理の終了を待つ</td>
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238 </tr>
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239 </tbody>
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240 </table>
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241 <p>clFlushは実行は保証するが、<font color="red">終了は保証しない</font>仕様になっている</p>
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242 </article>
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243 <article>
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244 <h3>新しい同期</h3>
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245 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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246 <tbody>
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247 <tr>
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248 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">FrameWork</font></td>
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249 <td>Dependency</td>
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250 </tr>
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251 <tr>
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252 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">Cerium</font></td>
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253 <td>Task Dependency</td>
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254 </tr>
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255 <tr>
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256 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"><font color="white">OpenCL</font></td>
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257 <td>Data Dependency</td>
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258 </tr>
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259 </tbody>
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260 </table>
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261 <p>
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262 Task Dependency:Schedulerで依存関係が決定<br>
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263 Data Dependency:GPUに読み込まれた時に決定
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264 </p>
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265 <p>
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266 GPGPUはなるべくGPU内部で処理を行う方が高速なため、性能向上が見込める
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267 </p>
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268 </article>
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269 <article>
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270 <h3>まとめ</h3>
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271 <ul>
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272 <li>Cerium Task ManagerをGPGPUに対応</li>
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273 <li>同期機構の実装</li>
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274 <li>マルチコア実行とGPU実行のベンチマーク</li>
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275 </ul>
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276 <h3 class="yellow">今後の課題</h3>
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277 <ul>
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278 <li>データ並列による実行のサポート</li>
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279 <li>同期機構の見直し</li>
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280 </ul>
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281 </article>
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282 <article>
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283 <h3>ベンチマーク</h3>
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284 <table >
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285 <tbody>
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286 <tr>
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287 <td> <!-- benchmark -->
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288 <table border="2" style="font-size:18pt;">
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289 <tbody>
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290 <tr>
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291 <td bgcolor="#8091B5"></td>
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292 <td style="text-align: center;">Time</td>
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293 </tr>
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294 <tr>
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295 <td style="text-align: center;">1 CPU</td>
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296 <td style="text-align: right;"> 67 ms</td>
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297 </tr>
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298 <tr>
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299 <td style="text-align: center;">2 CPU</td>
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300 <td style="text-align: right;"> 34 ms</td>
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301 </tr>
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302 <tr>
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303 <td style="text-align: center;">6 CPU</td>
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304 <td style="text-align: right;"> 12 ms</td>
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305 </tr>
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306 <tr>
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307 <td style="text-align: center;">12 CPU</td>
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308 <td style="text-align: right;"> 9 ms</td>
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309 </tr>
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310 <tr>
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311 <td style="text-align: center;">24 CPU</td>
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312 <td style="text-align: right;"> 6 ms</td>
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313 </tr>
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314 <tr>
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315 <td style="text-align: center;" bgcolor="#ffffcc">GPU</td>
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316 <td style="text-align: right;" bgcolor="#ffffcc"> 10201 ms</td>
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317 </tr>
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318 </tbody>
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319 </table>
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320 </td> <!-- /benchmark -->
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321 <td> <!-- system env -->
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322 <h3 class="yellow">word count</h3>
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323 <font size="5">
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324 <p>10MBのテキストファイルを分割<br>
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325 各Taskがcountしていく</p>
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326 <p>スペースと改行区切りでword countしていく</p>
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327 </font>
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328 <h3 class="yellow">結果</h3>
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329 CPUの方が150倍早い
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330 </td> <!--system env -->
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331 </tr>
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332 </tbody>
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333 </table>
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334 </article>
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335 <!--- <img src='images/flow_chart.jpg' width="300" height="500"> -->
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336 </body>
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337 </html>