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+
+    *****  Mike Shell's Step-By-Step Guide to Manually  *****
+    *****  Installing (Type 1 PostScript) Fonts Under   *****
+    *****     LaTeX Using Adobe's Euro Font as an       *****
+    *****            Illustrative Example               *****
+
+Version 1.4
+January 10, 2007
+
+Copyright 2002-2007, by Michael Shell
+                     http://www.michaelshell.org/
+See:
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/extras/
+for the latest version of this document.
+
+NOTE: This text file uses Unix line feed conventions. When (human)
+reading this file on other platforms, you may have to use a text
+editor that can handle lines terminated by the Unix line feed
+character (0x0A).
+
+*** Free to use and distribute if all credits are retained and the ***
+*** document is unchanged. No warranty expressed or implied. User  ***
+*** assumes all risk.                                              ***
+
+Note: This guide is intended to be "hands on" and covers only a specific,
+practical example. There are other, more formal and comprehensive guides
+to installing fonts under LaTeX:
+
+1. "The Font Installation Guide"
+   by Philipp Lehman
+   http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts/fontinstallationguide/
+   This is perhaps the best book ever written on the subject. Tutorial IV,
+   "The Euro Currency Symbol" covers the euro symbol.
+
+2. "Fonts and layouts", Chapter 8 of "A Beginner's Introduction to
+   Typesetting with LaTeX" (Section 8.3.2 covers the installation of
+   PostScript fonts) by Peter Flynn
+   http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter8.html#instfonts
+
+3. "fontinst - Font Installation Software for LaTeX"
+   by Alan Jeffrey, Rowland McDonnell and Lars Hellstrom
+   http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/fonts/utilities/fontinst/doc/
+
+4. "The Simple Guide to Type 1 Fonts in LaTeX"
+   by Matthew Amster-Burton
+   http://www.mamster.net/tex/latex-fontfaq-amster-burton.pdf
+   Although the author states that this guide has been superseded by
+   Lehman's, it may still be of some value.
+
+5. "The No BS Guide to teTeX Font Installation"
+   by Donovan Rebbechi
+   http://www.pegasus.rutgers.edu/~elflord/unix/latex/no-bs.html
+   May be out of date today, but may still have some useful tips about the
+   fontinst application.
+
+
+
+Installing a euro font in LaTeX, although not always trivial, is a straight
+forward task. Furthermore, it is an instructive exercise for learning how
+to manually install fonts in LaTeX. Many other fonts are easier to install
+as they do not require renaming, and/or have parts that have to be obtained
+from multiple sources. So, if you can get a euro font going, you can
+probably handle most other fonts you might want to install. Admittedly,
+there are also those that are more difficult to install, especially if the
+TeX metric and/or dvips map files have not already been created for them. 
+The installation of such fonts is not covered by the information provided
+here.
+
+The four basic steps for manually installing a (type 1) font under LaTeX are:
+
+1. Install the actual PostScript font (.pfb) files;
+2. Install the .tfm metric files;
+3. Install the .sty and .fd files to provide a LaTeX interface;
+4. Update the map configuration files and LaTeX directory lookup (hash)
+   tables.
+
+
+The euro font has a number of issues that make it a tad more difficult
+to install than most LaTeX fonts. The euro standards commission:
+ 
+http://europa.eu.int/euro/
+
+originally mandated that the official standard euro symbol should always be
+rendered in the sans style even if the surrounding text uses a different
+style. This requirement violated traditional typesetting conventions and
+was later overturned. However, this policy did cause a rift as to what was
+considered the "proper" thing to do.
+
+Also, several different vendors/individuals have made their own versions of
+the euro symbol using their interpretations of what it meant to have a
+serf euro.
+
+Furthermore, LaTeX is independent of the type of fonts used - it can use
+bitmap (Type 3), PostScript (Type 1 and 1C) and even fonts of the future
+that haven't even been thought of yet - LaTeX could care less what is used
+to describe the glyph shapes, it only needs to know the height, depth, and
+width of each glyph.
+
+All of this results in the fact that there are several types of euro fonts
+(and LaTeX packages) to choose from. So, I have to make a judgement call
+as to what to recommend to use here. 
+
+I assume that you want a Type 1 Postscript font as opposed to anything
+bitmapped - this will help ensure the best quality rendering possible for a
+given printer resolution. I will also assume here that the LaTeX system
+you have does not already have any support for Type 1 euro glyphs, as is
+often the case.
+
+Adobe gives out a free set of PostScript Type 1 euro fonts.
+See:
+
+http://www.adobe.com/type/eurofont.html
+
+However, Adobe does not allow its fonts to be bundled with other software
+products. This is why the fonts cannot be already pre-loaded in the LaTeX
+distributions and LaTeX users must manually obtain and install them.
+
+[Note: Also worthy of consideration is Martin Vogel's marvosym package:
+ http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/marvosym/
+ which includes several euro symbols as well as other symbols such
+ as astronomy, structural engineering, zodiac, and the "CE" symbol.
+ The marvosym package is licensed under the GPL.]
+
+This guide will focus on the use of the Adobe euro fonts. Now, you do not
+have to register, but can get the needed Adobe euro font files directly
+from:
+
+Windows and Unix:
+ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all/
+eurofont.exe
+eurofont.txt
+
+Mac:
+ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/mac/all/
+eurofont.sea.hqx
+eurofont.txt
+
+Note that the file eurofont.exe is actually a zip file that is self
+extracting when run under Windows. Unix users can do a:
+ 
+unzip eurofont.exe
+
+to unpack it.
+
+
+
+STEP #1 - INSTALL THE ACTUAL POSTSCRIPT FONT FILES
+
+Now, the eurofont.txt will tell you that you need ATM - ignore this since
+you are using LaTeX and will have to do a manual install of the font files.
+You can install them into MS Windows using Adobe ATM, but even if you do,
+you will still have to follow the instructions here.
+
+The Adobe font files will have strange looking names. You are primarily
+interested in the ones that end in PFB ("Printer Font Binary" - but 
+"PostScript Font Binary" might be a better name). These contain the
+PostScript code which describes what the glyphs look like. It is these
+files (or portions of them) that get embedded into your PostScript or PDF
+output files. The AFM (Adobe Font Metric) files describe the size of the
+boxes each glyph takes up. The PFM files do the same thing, but are used
+only by the MS Windows system. LaTeX does not use AFM or PFM files, but
+rather uses TFM (TeX Font Metric) files. There is a program (afm2tfm) that
+can convert AFM to TFM, but you don't need this as the TeX/LaTeX developers
+have done this for you already. Some font conversion programs (e.g., ps2pk)
+may require access to the AFM or PFM files. The INF files describe the
+fonts to Windows - so you don't need them (but, if curious, you can find
+the formal font names listed within them).
+
+Now, rename the PFB files from the archive as follows:
+
+_1______.PFB  ->  zpeurs.pfb
+_1B_____.PFB  ->  zpeubs.pfb
+_1I_____.PFB  ->  zpeuris.pfb
+_1BI____.PFB  ->  zpeubis.pfb
+_2______.PFB  ->  zpeurt.pfb
+_2B_____.PFB  ->  zpeubt.pfb
+_2I_____.PFB  ->  zpeurit.pfb
+_2BI____.PFB  ->  zpeubit.pfb
+_3______.PFB  ->  zpeur.pfb
+_3B_____.PFB  ->  zpeub.pfb
+_3I_____.PFB  ->  zpeuri.pfb
+_3BI____.PFB  ->  zpeubi.pfb
+
+
+The new names are, more or less, based on Karl Berry's scheme for TeX font
+names. For more information on this topic, see Karl Berry's "Filenames
+for TeX Fonts": http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/fontname/fontname.pdf
+
+Now, find your texmf directory where your LaTeX system is installed. I'll
+call this directory "<texmf>". (You may wish to use the local tree
+"<texmf-local>", or "localtexmf" under MiKTeX, instead so that your changes
+will remain even after the system is upgraded.) Go to 
+<texmf>/fonts/type1/adobe and make a directory called "eurofont". Copy all
+the renamed .pfb files into <texmf>/fonts/type1/adobe/eurofont
+
+[Note: Some PostScript font files come in ASCII, not binary. Such ".pfa"
+ files would go in the same directory as their pfb equivalents. Any virtual
+ font files ".vf" would go in the <texmf>/fonts/vf/ directory tree.]
+
+You may also want to do the same with the AFM and PFM files so that certain
+font conversion programs can access these as well. Put the renamed AFM and
+PFM files in <texmf>/fonts/afm/adobe/eurofont and
+<texmf>/fonts/pfm/adobe/eurofont, respectively.
+
+Unix users will have to have super user privileges to make changes to the
+<texmf> directory.
+
+
+
+Now, LaTeX's configuration will have to be updated so that it knows about
+the new Adobe euro fonts.
+
+
+Of the several LaTeX packages that do this, I think that two are the best.
+The most complete, and complex, is Rowland McDonnell's eurofont package:
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/eurofont/
+
+This is an EXTREMELY comprehensive (and high quality) work. The user's
+guide alone is over 60 pages. But, I'll show here how to install the
+leaner, LaTeX euro package (this actually consists of two smaller LaTeX
+packages "europs" and "eurosans"):
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/euro/
+
+Download and unpack this euro package archive. The readme.txt tells what
+to do. But, I'll repeat the steps here in my own words. I will show how
+to do things manually rather than rely on any automated install scripts.
+
+Some of these files (including the tfm and map files) may already be
+installed in some LaTeX systems, you don't have to reinstall them if
+that is the case.
+
+
+
+STEP #2 - INSTALL THE TFM METRIC FILES
+
+The tfm subdirectory (of the unpacked euro.tar.gz or euro.zip archive)
+contains the tfm files for the Adobe fonts you just installed. These tfm
+files need to be copied to: 
+<texmf>/fonts/tfm/adobe/eurofont
+make this /eurofont directory as needed.
+
+
+
+STEP #3 - INSTALL THE .sty and .fd FILES TO PROVIDE A USER INTERFACE
+
+OK, now at this point the LaTeX system has access to the PostScript
+descriptions of the glyphs and their size metrics. Now, you need to provide
+LaTeX with set of names that the euro glyphs will be called by.
+
+In the latex subdirectory of the archive there will be two packages: europs
+and eurosans. eurosans restricts it's use to the sans euro because many
+people who are knowledgeable in the typographic field feel that the sans
+euro better matches with most fonts, including many popular serif ones such
+as Times. eurosans also allows the user to specify an arbitrary scaling
+factor so that the size of the euro can be adjusted (if needed) to more
+closely match that of the surrounding text. The europs package allows you
+to decide if you want a serif euro. It is easy enough to install them both.
+
+
+Now, in your <texmf>/tex/latex directory, make a directory called
+"euro" i.e., <texmf>/tex/latex/euro.
+
+Copy the eurosans.sty file into <texmf>/tex/latex/euro.
+
+Now, in the europs package will have a europs.dtx and a europs.ins file.
+Run latex on the europs.ins (e.g., latex europs.ins) to make the europs.sty
+and the uzpeu.fd, uzpeus.fd, uzpeut.fd files. Copy these four files into
+your <texmf>/tex/latex/euro directory just like you did with eurosans.sty.
+
+
+
+STEP #4 - UPDATE THE DVIPS/PDFTEX/YAP/XDVI CONFIGURATION FILES
+
+OK, now LaTeX understands how to use these new fonts and users have LaTeX
+commands that refer to them. 
+
+The next step is to also inform dvips, pdfTeX, Yap, and/or xdvi, etc.,
+so that you can make and view documents with the euro symbol.
+
+The file you need is "zpeu.map" which is found in the dvips subdirectory of
+the archive. There is also a "zpeu-origname.map" which will allow the use
+of the original Adobe names (e.g., "_1______.PFB"), but it is best to change
+the names, as mentioned previously, to follow the LaTeX convention (so as to
+improve clarity and avoid future name clashes).
+
+
+Font map handling has been changed to use an updmap utility in conjunction
+with an updmap.cfg configuration file for the newer (teTeX 2.0, MiKTeX 2.4
+and later) LaTeX systems. Use one of the appropriate subsections below
+depending on your system:
+
+
+-- For Systems Older Than teTeX 2.0 or MiKTeX 2.4 --
+Copy zpeu.map to your <texmf>/dvips/config directory. Now, in your
+<texmf>/dvips/config directory, edit your config.ps file (with a text editor)
+and add the following line (somewhere after the "p psfonts.map" line - there
+will be a bunch of other "p +" lines in this area):
+
+p +zpeu.map
+
+Save the changes to config.ps.
+
+For pdfTeX (and pdfLaTeX), the line:
+
+map +zpeu.map
+
+should be added to the pdftex.cfg file in the <texmf>/pdftex/config
+directory (there is no need to make another copy of the zpeu.map file as
+pdfTeX will know to look for it in dvips' config directory).
+
+MiKTeX users will also want to add to the line:
+
+p +zpeu.map
+
+to the <texmf>\miktex\config\config.makepk file so that Yap can find the
+font if it does not already look at dvips' config.ps file.
+
+MiKTeX users may also want to add the lines contained in the zpeu.map to
+<texmf>\miktex\dvips\ps2pk\ps2pk.map for other applications that may need
+it.
+
+MetaPost users may want to add the lines contained in the zpeu.map file to
+the <texmf>/dvips/config/psfonts.map file as that is what MetaPost relies
+on. 
+
+Older versions of xdvi that rely on gsftopk (to convert Type 1 fonts to
+bitmap form) may also require the psfonts.map file to be updated. Newer
+versions of (the Kpathsea enabled version "xdvi-k") xdvi are able to render
+Type 1 fonts directly from the .pfb files. See Stefan Ulrich's xdvi-k site
+on Sourceforge for details:
+http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/
+
+Note that versions of dvips prior to V5.83 have a bug with partial font
+downloading that may cause a dvips error when using some types of fonts,
+like the euro packages. (The error messages can be like: "File <xxx.pfb>
+ended before all chars have been found" or "xx Subr not found", etc.)
+If you encounter this, the workaround is to update dvips or use the
+-j0 option:
+
+dvips -j0 -o myfile.ps myfile
+
+Thanks to Dan Luecking for posting much information about map file
+configuration.
+
+OK, now all the files are in place. Most TeX systems (teTeX Unix and MiKTeX
+Windows) need to be told to rescan their directories in order to add the
+names of all the newly added files to the lookup cache.
+
+In teTeX (and fpTeX), the command to run is "texhash" or "mktexlsr".
+
+In MiKTeX it is "initexmf -u" to refresh the filename database and then
+"initexmf --mkpsres --search" to rebuild the PostScript resource database.
+The MiKTeX Options application has a "Refresh Now" button which does the
+same thing.
+
+These are the same commands that you run after you add any package to
+LaTeX's directories. Run this application/command.
+
+
+
+-- For teTeX 2.0, MiKTeX 2.4 and Newer Systems --
+Copy zpeu.map to your <texmf>/fonts/map/dvips/misc directory. Edit the
+<texmf>/web2c/updmap.cfg file with a text editor and add the line:
+
+Map zpeu.map
+
+Now, you will have to refresh the directory lookup (hash) tables so
+that the LaTeX system can see the new zpeu.map file in the lookup cache.
+
+In teTeX (and fpTeX), the command to run is "texhash" or "mktexlsr".
+
+In MiKTeX use "initexmf -u" to refresh the filename database. The
+MiKTeX Options application has a "Refresh Now" button which does the
+same thing.
+
+Now, for teTeX 2.0 and MiKTeX systems, run the "updmap" command to update
+the map file configuration. For teTeX 3.0 and later, the command you will
+likely want to run is "updmap-sys" which updates the map files system-wide
+(as "updmap" does in teTeX 2.0). (Under teTeX 3.0 and later, "updmap" updates
+the map file settings only for the current user.)
+
+
+
+HOW TO USE THE EURO GLYPHS
+
+Now, you can use the euro packages.
+
+To use eurosans.sty, just:
+
+\usepackage{eurosans}
+
+and then \euro will produce the euro symbol that will be in sans. The other
+attributes (series, shape) will vary with that of the surrounding font.
+
+
+To use europs.sty, do a 
+
+\usepackage{europs}
+
+then 
+
+\EUR will produce a euro symbol that varies with the current font family
+(serif, sans, or mono).
+\EURofc will produce an "official" (old commission policy) euro symbol
+that is always in sans. There is also:
+
+\EURhv  (Euro-Sans)
+\EURtm  (Euro-Serif)
+\EURcr  (Euro-Mono)
+
+
+
+That was easy right? Enjoy! ;)
+
+
+ Mike Shell
+
+***********************************