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132 .\" ========================================================================
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133 .\"
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134 .IX Title "GFDL 7"
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135 .TH GFDL 7 "2009-04-21" "gcc-4.4.0" "GNU"
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136 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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138 .if n .ad l
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139 .nh
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140 .SH "NAME"
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141 gfdl \- GNU Free Documentation License
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142 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
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143 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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144 .Sh "\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License"
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145 .IX Subsection "GNU Free Documentation License"
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146 .Sh "Version 1.2, November 2002"
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147 .IX Subsection "Version 1.2, November 2002"
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148 .Vb 2
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149 \& Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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150 \& 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110\-1301, USA
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151 \&
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152 \& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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153 \& of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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154 .Ve
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155 .IP "0." 4
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156 .IX Item "0."
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157 \&\s-1PREAMBLE\s0
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158 .Sp
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159 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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160 functional and useful document \fIfree\fR in the sense of freedom: to
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161 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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162 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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163 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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164 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
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165 for modifications made by others.
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166 .Sp
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167 This License is a kind of \*(L"copyleft\*(R", which means that derivative
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168 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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169 complements the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, which is a copyleft
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170 license designed for free software.
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171 .Sp
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172 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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173 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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174 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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175 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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176 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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177 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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178 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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179 .IP "1." 4
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180 .IX Item "1."
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181 \&\s-1APPLICABILITY\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1DEFINITIONS\s0
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182 .Sp
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183 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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184 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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185 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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186 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
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187 work under the conditions stated herein. The \*(L"Document\*(R", below,
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188 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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189 licensee, and is addressed as \*(L"you\*(R". You accept the license if you
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190 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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191 under copyright law.
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192 .Sp
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193 A \*(L"Modified Version\*(R" of the Document means any work containing the
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194 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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195 modifications and/or translated into another language.
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196 .Sp
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197 A \*(L"Secondary Section\*(R" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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198 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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199 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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200 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
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201 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
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202 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
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203 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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204 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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205 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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206 them.
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207 .Sp
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208 The \*(L"Invariant Sections\*(R" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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209 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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210 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
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211 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
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212 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
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213 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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214 Sections then there are none.
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215 .Sp
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216 The \*(L"Cover Texts\*(R" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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217 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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218 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
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219 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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220 .Sp
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221 A \*(L"Transparent\*(R" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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222 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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223 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
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224 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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225 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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226 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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227 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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228 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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229 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
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230 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
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231 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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232 of text. A copy that is not \*(L"Transparent\*(R" is called \*(L"Opaque\*(R".
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233 .Sp
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234 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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235 \&\s-1ASCII\s0 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
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236 format, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1SGML\s0} or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XML\s0} using a publicly available
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237 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1DTD\s0}, and standard-conforming simple \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1HTML\s0},
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238 PostScript or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PDF\s0} designed for human modification. Examples
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239 of transparent image formats include \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PNG\s0}, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XCF\s0} and
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240 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1JPG\s0}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
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241 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1SGML\s0} or
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242 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XML\s0} for which the \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1DTD\s0} and/or processing tools are
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243 not generally available, and the machine-generated \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1HTML\s0},
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244 PostScript or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PDF\s0} produced by some word processors for
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245 output purposes only.
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246 .Sp
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247 The \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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248 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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249 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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250 formats which do not have any title page as such, \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means
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251 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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252 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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253 .Sp
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254 A section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0\*(R" means a named subunit of the Document whose
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255 title either is precisely \s-1XYZ\s0 or contains \s-1XYZ\s0 in parentheses following
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256 text that translates \s-1XYZ\s0 in another language. (Here \s-1XYZ\s0 stands for a
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257 specific section name mentioned below, such as \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
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258 \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R".) To \*(L"Preserve the Title\*(R"
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259 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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260 section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0\*(R" according to this definition.
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261 .Sp
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262 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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263 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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264 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
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265 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
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266 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
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267 no effect on the meaning of this License.
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268 .IP "2." 4
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269 .IX Item "2."
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270 \&\s-1VERBATIM\s0 \s-1COPYING\s0
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271 .Sp
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272 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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273 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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274 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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275 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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276 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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277 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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278 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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279 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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280 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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281 .Sp
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282 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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283 you may publicly display copies.
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284 .IP "3." 4
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285 .IX Item "3."
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286 \&\s-1COPYING\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1QUANTITY\s0
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287 .Sp
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288 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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289 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
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290 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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291 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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292 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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293 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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294 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
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295 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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296 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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297 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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298 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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299 as verbatim copying in other respects.
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300 .Sp
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301 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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302 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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303 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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304 pages.
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305 .Sp
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306 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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307 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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308 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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309 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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310 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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311 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
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312 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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313 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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314 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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315 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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316 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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317 edition to the public.
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318 .Sp
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319 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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320 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
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321 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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322 .IP "4." 4
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323 .IX Item "4."
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324 \&\s-1MODIFICATIONS\s0
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325 .Sp
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326 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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327 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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328 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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329 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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330 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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331 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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332 .RS 4
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333 .IP "A." 4
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334 .IX Item "A."
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335 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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336 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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337 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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338 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
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339 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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340 .IP "B." 4
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341 .IX Item "B."
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342 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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343 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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344 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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345 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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346 unless they release you from this requirement.
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347 .IP "C." 4
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348 .IX Item "C."
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349 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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350 Modified Version, as the publisher.
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351 .IP "D." 4
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352 .IX Item "D."
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353 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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354 .IP "E." 4
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355 .IX Item "E."
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356 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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357 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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358 .IP "F." 4
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359 .IX Item "F."
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360 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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361 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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362 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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363 .IP "G." 4
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364 .IX Item "G."
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365 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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366 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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367 .IP "H." 4
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368 .IX Item "H."
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369 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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370 .IP "I." 4
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371 .IX Item "I."
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372 Preserve the section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R", Preserve its Title, and add
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373 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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374 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
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375 there is no section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R" in the Document, create one
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376 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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377 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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378 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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379 .IP "J." 4
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380 .IX Item "J."
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381 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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382 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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383 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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384 it was based on. These may be placed in the \*(L"History\*(R" section.
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385 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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386 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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387 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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388 .IP "K." 4
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389 .IX Item "K."
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390 For any section Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R" or \*(L"Dedications\*(R", Preserve
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391 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
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392 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
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393 dedications given therein.
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394 .IP "L." 4
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395 .IX Item "L."
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396 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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397 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
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398 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
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399 .IP "M." 4
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400 .IX Item "M."
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401 Delete any section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R". Such a section
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402 may not be included in the Modified Version.
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403 .IP "N." 4
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404 .IX Item "N."
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405 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R" or
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406 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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407 .IP "O." 4
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408 .IX Item "O."
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409 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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410 .RE
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411 .RS 4
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412 .Sp
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413 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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414 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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415 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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416 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
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417 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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418 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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419 .Sp
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420 You may add a section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", provided it contains
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421 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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422 parties\-\-\-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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423 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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424 standard.
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425 .Sp
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426 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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427 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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428 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
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429 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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430 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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431 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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432 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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433 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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434 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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435 .Sp
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436 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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437 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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438 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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439 .RE
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440 .IP "5." 4
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441 .IX Item "5."
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442 \&\s-1COMBINING\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0
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443 .Sp
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444 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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445 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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446 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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447 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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448 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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449 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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450 .Sp
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451 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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452 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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453 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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454 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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455 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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456 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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457 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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458 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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459 .Sp
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460 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \*(L"History\*(R"
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461 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
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462 \&\*(L"History\*(R"; likewise combine any sections Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
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463 and any sections Entitled \*(L"Dedications\*(R". You must delete all
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464 sections Entitled \*(L"Endorsements.\*(R"
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465 .IP "6." 4
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466 .IX Item "6."
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467 \&\s-1COLLECTIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0
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468 .Sp
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469 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
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470 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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471 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
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472 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
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473 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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474 .Sp
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475 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
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476 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
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477 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
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478 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
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479 .IP "7." 4
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480 .IX Item "7."
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481 \&\s-1AGGREGATION\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1INDEPENDENT\s0 \s-1WORKS\s0
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482 .Sp
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483 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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484 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
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485 distribution medium, is called an \*(L"aggregate\*(R" if the copyright
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486 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
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487 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
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488 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
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489 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
|
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490 derivative works of the Document.
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491 .Sp
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492 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
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493 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
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494 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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495 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
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496 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
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497 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
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498 aggregate.
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499 .IP "8." 4
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500 .IX Item "8."
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501 \&\s-1TRANSLATION\s0
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502 .Sp
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503 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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504 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
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505 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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506 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
|
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507 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
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508 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
|
|
509 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
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510 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
|
|
|
511 the original English version of this License and the original versions
|
|
|
512 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
|
|
|
513 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
|
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|
514 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
|
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515 .Sp
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|
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516 If a section in the Document is Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
|
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|
517 \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
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|
518 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
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519 title.
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520 .IP "9." 4
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521 .IX Item "9."
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522 \&\s-1TERMINATION\s0
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523 .Sp
|
|
|
524 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
|
|
525 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
|
|
526 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
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|
|
527 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
|
|
528 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
|
|
529 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
|
|
530 parties remain in full compliance.
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531 .IP "10." 4
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532 .IX Item "10."
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533 \&\s-1FUTURE\s0 \s-1REVISIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THIS\s0 \s-1LICENSE\s0
|
|
|
534 .Sp
|
|
|
535 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
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|
536 of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
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|
|
537 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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538 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
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|
539 <\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fR>.
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540 .Sp
|
|
|
541 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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|
542 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
|
|
543 License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of
|
|
|
544 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
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|
545 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
|
|
546 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
|
|
547 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
|
|
548 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
|
549 .Sh "\s-1ADDENDUM:\s0 How to use this License for your documents"
|
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|
550 .IX Subsection "ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents"
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|
|
551 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
|
|
552 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
|
|
553 license notices just after the title page:
|
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554 .PP
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555 .Vb 7
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|
|
556 \& Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
|
|
|
557 \& Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
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|
558 \& under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
|
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|
559 \& or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
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|
560 \& with no Invariant Sections, no Front\-Cover Texts, and no Back\-Cover
|
|
|
561 \& Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
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|
562 \& Free Documentation License".
|
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|
563 .Ve
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564 .PP
|
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|
565 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
|
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|
566 replace the \*(L"with...Texts.\*(R" line with this:
|
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|
567 .PP
|
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|
568 .Vb 3
|
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|
569 \& with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
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570 \& the Front\-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back\-Cover Texts
|
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|
571 \& being <list>.
|
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|
572 .Ve
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573 .PP
|
|
|
574 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
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|
575 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
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576 situation.
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|
577 .PP
|
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|
578 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
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|
579 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
|
|
580 free software license, such as the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License,
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|
581 to permit their use in free software.
|
|
|
582 .SH "SEE ALSO"
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|
583 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
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|
584 \&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7).
|
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|
585 .SH "COPYRIGHT"
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|
586 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
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587 Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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|
588 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, \s-1MA\s0 02110\-1301, \s-1USA\s0
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|
589 .PP
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|
590 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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591 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
