annotate presen/presen.html @ 13:87b8bb4d104c

fix
author Yutaka_Kinjyo
date Fri, 10 Sep 2010 10:00:23 +0900
parents c770f569a801
children ca231fdd013c
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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3
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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5 <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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6
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7 <head>
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8 <title>発表資料</title>
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9 <!-- metadata -->
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10 <meta name="generator" content="S5" />
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11 <meta name="version" content="S5 1.1" />
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12 <meta name="presdate" content="20050728" />
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13 <meta name="author" content="Eric A. Meyer" />
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14 <meta name="company" content="Complex Spiral Consulting" />
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15 <!-- configuration parameters -->
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16 <meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow" />
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17 <meta name="controlVis" content="hidden" />
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18 <!-- style sheet links -->
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19 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/slides.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="slideProj" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/outline.css" type="text/css" media="screen" id="outlineStyle" />
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21 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" id="slidePrint" />
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22 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/opera.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="operaFix" />
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23 <!-- S5 JS -->
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24 <script src="ui/default/slides.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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25
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26 <style type="text/css">
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27 body {
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28 font-size: 100%;
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29 }
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30 p.ex10 { font-size: 2.0em; }
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31 p.ex9 { font-size: 1.9em; }
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32 p.ex8 { font-size: 1.8em; }
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33 p.ex7 { font-size: 1.7em; }
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34 p.ex6 { font-size: 1.6em; }
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35 p.ex5 { font-size: 1.5em; }
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36 p.ex4 { font-size: 1.4em; }
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37 p.ex3 { font-size: 1.3em; }
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38 p.ex2 { font-size: 1.2em; }
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39 p.ex1 { font-size: 1.1em; }
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40 p.ex0 { font-size: 1.0em; }
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41 p.ex05 { font-size: 0.5em; }
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42
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43 span.classifier {
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44 font-family: sans-serif ;
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45 font-style: oblique }
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47 span.classifier-delimiter {
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48 font-family: sans-serif ;
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49 font-weight: bold }
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50
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51 span.interpreted {
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52 font-family: sans-serif }
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53
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54 span.option {
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55 white-space: nowrap }
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56
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57 span.pre {
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58 white-space: pre }
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59
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60 span.problematic {
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61 color: red }
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62
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63 span.section-subtitle {
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64 /* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
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65 font-size: 80% }
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66
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67 </style>
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68 </head>
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69
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70
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71 <body>
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72
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73 <div class="layout">
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74 <div id="controls"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div>
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75 <div id="currentSlide"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div>
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76 <div id="header"></div>
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77 <div id="footer">
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78 <!--<h1>Cell上のソフトウェアレンダリングの高速化と高機能化</h1>
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79 <h2>琉球大学工学部情報工学科並列信頼研</h2>-->
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80 </div>
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81
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82 </div>
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83
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84 <div class="presentation">
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85
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86 <div class="slide">
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87
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88 <h1>Fine grain Task Manager Cerium のチューニング</h1>
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89 <h3>108574D 金城裕</h3>
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90 <h3>指導教官:河野真治</h3>
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91 <h4>琉球大学大学院理工学研究科情報工学専攻並列信頼研</h4>
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92 </div>
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93
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94
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95 <div class="slide">
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96 <h1>研究目的 と 背景</h1>
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97 <p class="ex1">
13
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98 CPUのクロック周波数の増加は、発熱や消費電力の増大により難しくなっている
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99 </p>
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100 <ul>
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101 <li>
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102 クロック周波数を上げる代わりに、CPUコア数を増やす傾向になった。
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103 </li>
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104 <br>
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105 <li>マルチコアにあったプログラミングが必要になる</li>
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106 </ul>
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107
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108 <p><font color="red">そこで、プログラミングを支援するフレームワークが必要になってくる</font></p>
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109
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110 </div>
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111
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112 <div class="slide">
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113 <h1>研究目的 と 背景</h1>
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114 <p class="ex1">
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115 現在 Cell/PS3またはMac OS X上で動作するOpen CL 的なFine Grain Task Manager である Cerium Task Manager を開発中である。
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116 </p>
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117 <ul>
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118 <li>
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119 ソフトウェアレンダリングエンジンとWord countを例題として、Task Manager の実装時の問題を洗い出している。
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120 </li>
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121 <br>
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122 <li>メインメモリ上の Task を各 Core が受け取る際や、その終了を通知する際に待ち時間が生じる。</li>
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123 </ul>
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124
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125 <p><font color="red">本研究ではその待ち時間を削減するTask arrayを提案し実装した。その効果について報告する</font></p>
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126
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127 </div>
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128
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129
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130 <div class="slide">
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131 <h1>発表の流れ</h1>
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132
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133 <ul>
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134 <li>Cellとは</li>
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135 <li>Ceriumとは</li>
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136 <li>CeriumにおけるTask</li>
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137 <li>TaskArray</li>
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138 <ul>
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139 <li>WordCountのTaskArray化</li>
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140 <li>レンダリングエンジンのTaskArray化</li>
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141 </ul>
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142 <li>結果</li>
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143 <li>まとめ</li>
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144 </ul>
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145
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146 </div>
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147
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148 <div class="slide">
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149 <h1>Cellとは</h1>
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150
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151 <big>Cell(Cell Broadband Engine)</big>とはソニー、東芝、IBM社の3社が共同開発したマイクロプロセッサ<br>
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152 Cellは1基の制御系のプロセッサコア<u>PPE</u>と、8基の演算系プロセッサコア<u>SPE</u>
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153 で構成される(Ceriumで扱えるSPEの数は6基)。
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154
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155 <!-- PPEよりもSPEが高速なので、1SPE 上で実行するだけでも意味がある。-->
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156 <!-- それぞれ高速なバスで接続されている<br><br> -->
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157
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158 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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159 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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160 <img src="gazo/cell1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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161 </table>
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162
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163 </div>
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164
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165
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166 <div class="slide">
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167 <h1>Ceriumとは</h1>
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168
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169 <big>Cerium</big>とは、当研究室で開発したPS3/Cell、Mac OS X、Linux 上で動作するゲームフレームワーク。
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170 以下の3つの要素から構成されている。
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171
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172 <ul>
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173 <li>TaskManager</li>
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174 <li>レンダリングエンジン</li>
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175 <li>SceneGraph</li>
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176 </ul>
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177
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178 </div>
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179
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180 <div class="slide">
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181 <h1>Ceriumとは</h1>
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182
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183 <big>Cerium</big>とは、当研究室で開発したPS3/Cell、Mac OS X、Linux 上で動作するゲームフレームワーク。
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184 以下の3つの要素から構成されている。
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185
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186 <ul>
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187 <li><font color="red">TaskManager</font></li>
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188 <li>レンダリングエンジン</li>
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189 <li>SceneGraph</li>
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190 </ul>
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191
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192 </div>
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193
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194 <div class="slide">
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195 <h1>TaskManager</h1>
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196
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197 <ul>
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198 <li>TaskManagerは、Taskと呼ばれる、分割された各プログラムを管理する</li>
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199 <ul>
12
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200 <li>Taskの単位はサブルーチン</li>
10
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201 </ul>
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202 <li>Task同士の依存関係を考慮</li>
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203 <li>実行可能になったTaskをSPEに渡す</li>
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204 </ul>
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205
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206 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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207 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
12
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208 <img src="gazo/taskmanager1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
10
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209 </table>
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210
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211 </div>
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212
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213 <div class="slide">
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214 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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215
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216 TaskはTaskManagerを使って生成する。Taskを生成する際に以下のような要素が
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217 設定可能である。
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218
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219 <ul>
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220 <li>Input data</li>
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221 <li>Output data</li>
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222 <li>Paramater</li>
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223 <li>CPU type</li>
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224 <li>Dependency</li>
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225 </ul>
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226
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227 </div>
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228
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229 <div class="slide">
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230 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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231 <big><u>Input data</u></big>
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232 <ul>
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233 <li>Input data にはTaskの処理対象データのアドレスとサイズを指定する。</li>
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234 <li>SPE側でそのアドレスをもとにDMA転送を用いて実際のデータをメインメモリから取得する。</li>
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235 </ul>
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236
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237 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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238 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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239 <img src="gazo/task1.png" style="width: 80%%"></td></tr>
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240 </table>
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241
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242 </div>
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243
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244 <div class="slide">
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245 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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246 <big><u>Output data</u></big>
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247 <ul>
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248 <li>Onput data にはTaskが処理したデータの書き出し先アドレスとサイズを指定する。</li>
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249 <li>SPE側でそのアドレスをもとにDMA転送を用いて実際のデータをメインメモリに書き出す。</li>
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250 </ul>
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251
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252 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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253 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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254 <img src="gazo/task2.png" style="width: 80%%"></td></tr>
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255 </table>
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256
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257 </div>
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258
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259 <div class="slide">
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260 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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261 <big><u>Paramater</u></big><br>
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262 <ul>
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263 <li>Input data とは別にデータを与えたい場合に使用する。</li>
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264 <li>32bitの値を指定する。</li>
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265 </ul>
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266
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267 <big><u>CPU type</u></big>
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268 <ul>
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269 <li>TaskがどのCoreで実行されるかを指定する。</li>
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270 <li>PPEもしくは、6基のSPEのいづれかを選択できる。</li>
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271 </ul>
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272
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273 </div>
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274
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275 <div class="slide">
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276 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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277 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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278 <ul>
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279 <li>Dependencyは他のTaskとの依存関係を示す。</li>
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280 <li>例えばTaskAがTaskBの実行完了を待つ例を紹介する。</li>
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281 </ul>
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282
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283 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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284 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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285 <img src="gazo/dependency1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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286 </table>
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287
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288 </div>
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289
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290
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291 <div class="slide">
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292 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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293 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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294 <ul>
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295 <li>はじめTaskBは待つTaskがないので、すぐにActiveQueueに入る。</li>
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296 <li>TaskAはTaskBを待つのでWaitQueueに入る。</li>
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297 </ul>
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298
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299 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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300 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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301 <img src="gazo/dependency2.png" style="width: 60%%"></td></tr>
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302 </table>
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303
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304 </div>
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305
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306 <div class="slide">
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307 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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308 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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309 <ul>
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310 <li>ActiveQueueにあるTaskBはSPEに送られ実行される。</li>
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311 <li>TaskAはWaitQueueでTaskBを待つ。</li>
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312 </ul>
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313
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314 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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315 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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316 <img src="gazo/dependency3.png" style="width: 60%%"></td></tr>
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317 </table>
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318
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319 </div>
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320
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321
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322 <div class="slide">
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323 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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324 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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325 <ul>
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326 <li>TaskBが完了するとMailで通知される。</li>
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327 <li>TaskAは待つTaskがなくなるので、ActiveQueueに移る。</li>
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328 </ul>
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329
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330 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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331 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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332 <img src="gazo/dependency4.png" style="width: 60%%"></td></tr>
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333 </table>
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334
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335 </div>
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336
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337
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338 <div class="slide">
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339 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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340 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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341 <ul>
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342 <li>TaskBが完了するとMailで通知される。</li>
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343 <li>TaskAは待つTaskがなくなるので、ActiveQueueに移る。</li>
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344 </ul>
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345
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346 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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347 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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348 <img src="gazo/dependency5.png" style="width: 60%%"></td></tr>
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349 </table>
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350
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351 </div>
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352
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353
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354 <div class="slide">
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355 <h1>Taskの送信</h1>
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356
10
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357 <ul>
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358 <li>Taskは1つ毎にSPEには送らない</li>
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359 <li>いくつかのTaskをまとめTaskListとして送る</li>
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360 <li>TaskListをすべて完了すると、SPEからPPEにMail通知が送られる</li>
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361 <li>PPE側がMailをチェックし次のTaskListを通知する</li>
10
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362 </ul>
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363
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364 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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365 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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366 <img src="gazo/tasklist1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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367 </table>
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368
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369 </div>
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370
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371 <div class="slide">
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372 <h1>Mail通知</h1>
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373
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374 <ul>
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375 <li>SPEからPPEへのMail送信ボックスはキューになっている</li>
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376 <li>キューのサイズは1</li>
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377 <li>書き込む際にキューがいっぱいの場合はPPEから呼び出されるまで待つ</li>
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diff changeset
378 <li>PPEからのMail呼び出しがないと、SPEは待ち続ける</li>
13
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379 <li>SPEの待ち時間が増えると、処理速度の低下につながる</li>
12
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diff changeset
380 </ul>
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381
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diff changeset
382 </div>
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383
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diff changeset
384 <div class="slide">
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385 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
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386
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387 <font color="red">SPEの待ちを解消するためにTaskArrayを提案、実装した</font>
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388
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389 <ul>
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390 <li>TaskArrayは複数のTaskを1つにまとめることができる</li>
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diff changeset
391 <li>Task毎のMail通知がTaskArray毎のMail通知になる</li>
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diff changeset
392 </ul>
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diff changeset
393 <br>
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diff changeset
394 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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395 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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396 <img src="gazo/taskarray1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
10
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397 </table>
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398
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399 </div>
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400
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401 <div class="slide">
12
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diff changeset
402 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
10
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403
12
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404 期待される効果
10
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405
12
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diff changeset
406 <ul>
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407 <li>Mailの数が減り、SPEのMail待ちのタイミングが減る</li>
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408 <li>Mail待ちが減るので、SPEの稼働率が向上する</li>
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409 <li>また、PPE側のMailチェックの時間も減る</li>
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410 <li>結果、処理速度が向上する</li>
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diff changeset
411 </ul>
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diff changeset
412 <br>
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413 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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414 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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415 <img src="gazo/taskarray1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
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diff changeset
416 </table>
10
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417
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418 </div>
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419
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420 <div class="slide">
12
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421 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
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422
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423 <font color="red">WordCountのTaskと、レンダリングエンジンのTaskの一部をTaskArray化した。
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424 その結果を報告する</font><br><br>
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425
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426 それぞれのTask内容
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427
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428 <ul>
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429 <li>WordCount</li>
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430 <ul>
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431 <li>WordCountTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
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432 <li>PrintTask</li>
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433 </ul>
10
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434
12
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435 <li>レンダリングエンジン</li>
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436 <ul>
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437 <li>CreatePolygonTask</li>
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438 <li>CreateSpanTask</li>
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439 <li>DrawSpanTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
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diff changeset
440 </ul>
10
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441
12
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442 </ul>
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443
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diff changeset
444 </div>
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445
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diff changeset
446 <div class="slide">
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447 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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448
13
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449 構成Task
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450
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451 <ul>
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452 <li>WordCountTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
453 <ul>
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454 <li>Input data であたえられたデータをwcし、output data に書き出す</li>
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455 </ul>
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456
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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457 <li>PrintTask</li>
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458 <ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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459 <li>各SPEから書き出されたwcデータを集計し、出力する</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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460 <li>dependency に WordCountTaskを設定</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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461 </ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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462
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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463 </ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
parents: 12
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464
Yutaka_Kinjyo
parents: 12
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465 </div>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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466
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
467 <div class="slide">
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468 <h1>WordCount</h1>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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469
12
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diff changeset
470 <ul>
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471 <li>wcするfileをマッピングし、Taskに割り振る</li>
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472 <li>WordCountTaskの終了をまって、PrintTaskが実行される</li>
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diff changeset
473 </ul>
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474
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475 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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parents: 10
diff changeset
476 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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diff changeset
477 <img src="gazo/wc_graf1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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diff changeset
478 </table>
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479
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diff changeset
480 </div>
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481
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diff changeset
482 <div class="slide">
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483 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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484
13
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485 計測条件
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486
12
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diff changeset
487 <ul>
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diff changeset
488 <li>TaskArrayのサイズは64</li>
13
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489 <li>Word count対象は166Mのテキスト</li>
12
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490 <li>TaskArrayの適応の有無を比較</li>
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diff changeset
491 </ul>
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492
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493 </div>
10
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494
12
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495 <div class="slide">
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496 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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497
12
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498 <ul>
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499 <li>time : 実行時間</li>
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500 <li>dma wait : dma転送待ちの割合</li>
13
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diff changeset
501 <li>mail wait : mail待ちの割合</li>
12
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diff changeset
502 </ul>
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503
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504 <br>
10
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505
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506 <table border="3" style="width:100%;">
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507 <tr>
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508 <th></th>
12
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509 <th>Task</th>
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510 <th>TaskArray</th>
10
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511 </tr>
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512 <tr>
12
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diff changeset
513 <th>time</th>
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514 <td align="center">2.184s</td>
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diff changeset
515 <td align="center">2.109s</td>
10
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516
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517 </tr>
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518 <tr>
12
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519 <th>dma wait</th>
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520 <td align="center">18%</td>
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diff changeset
521 <td align="center">12%</td>
10
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522
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523 </tr>
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diff changeset
524 <tr>
12
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525 <th>mail wait</th>
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526 <td align="center">5%</td>
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diff changeset
527 <td align="center">8%</td>
10
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528 </tr>
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529
12
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diff changeset
530 <caption></caption>
10
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531
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532 </table><br>
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533
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534 <div class="slide">
12
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diff changeset
535 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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536
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537 <ul>
12
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parents: 10
diff changeset
538 <li>あまり効果は見られなかった</li>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
539 <li>PPE側のTaskがないので、あまりmail待ちが入らない</li>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
540 <li>ファイルのサイズが大きいのでメモリアクセスで時間がかかる</li>
10
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diff changeset
541 </ul>
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542
12
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diff changeset
543 <br>
10
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diff changeset
544
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diff changeset
545 <table border="3" style="width:100%;">
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diff changeset
546 <tr>
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diff changeset
547 <th></th>
12
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diff changeset
548 <th>Task</th>
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diff changeset
549 <th>TaskArray</th>
10
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550 </tr>
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diff changeset
551 <tr>
12
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diff changeset
552 <th>time</th>
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diff changeset
553 <td align="center">2.184s</td>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
554 <td align="center">2.109s</td>
10
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555
12
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diff changeset
556 </tr>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
557 <tr>
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diff changeset
558 <th>dma wait</th>
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diff changeset
559 <td align="center">18%</td>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
560 <td align="center">12%</td>
10
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diff changeset
561
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562 </tr>
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diff changeset
563 <tr>
12
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diff changeset
564 <th>mail wait</th>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
565 <td align="center">5%</td>
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parents: 10
diff changeset
566 <td align="center">8%</td>
10
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567 </tr>
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568
12
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parents: 10
diff changeset
569 <caption></caption>
10
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570
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571 </table><br>
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572
12
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diff changeset
573 </div>
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diff changeset
574
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diff changeset
575 <div class="slide">
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576 <h1>WordCount</h1>
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577
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578 改善策
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579
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580 <ul>
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581 <li>一度にファイルマッピングをしない</li>
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582 <li>同じ領域を切り替えて、何度かに分けてマッピングする</li>
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583 <li>スワップを減らし、アクセス時間を短縮できる</li>
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584 <li>dma wait の割合が減る</li>
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585 </ul>
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586
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587 </div>
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588
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589
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590 <div class="slide">
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591 <h1>レンダリングエンジン</h1>
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592
12
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593 構成Task
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594
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595 <ul>
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596 <li>CreatePolygonTask</li>
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597 <ul>
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598 <li>Polygonを生成する</li>
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599 </ul>
12
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600 <li>CreateSpanTask</li>
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601 <ul>
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602 <li>Polygonを水平な線(Span)に分割する</li>
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603 </ul>
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604 <li>DrawSpanTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
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605 <ul>
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606 <li>Spanを描画する</li>
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607 </ul>
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608 </ul>
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609
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610 <br>
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611 DrawSpanTask : Taskの数が多いDrawSpanTaskをTaskArray化した。地球と月を表示する
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612 例題を対象に計測した。
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613
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614 </div>
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615
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616 <div class="slide">
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617 <h1>レンダリングエンジン</h1>
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618
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619 <ul>
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620 <li>FPS : 一秒間に表示できるFrame数</li>
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621 </ul>
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622
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623 <table border="3" style="width:100%;">
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624 <tr>
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625 <th></th>
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626 <th>Task</th>
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627 <th>TaskArray</th>
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628 </tr>
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629 <tr>
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630 <th>FPS</th>
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631 <td align="center">3.94</td>
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632 <td align="center">4.32</td>
10
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633
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634 </tr>
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635 <tr>
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636 <th>dma wait</th>
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637 <td align="center">0.06%</td>
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638 <td align="center">0.07%</td>
10
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639
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640 </tr>
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641 <tr>
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642 <th>mail wait</th>
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643 <td align="center">55%</td>
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644 <td align="center">42%</td>
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645 </tr>
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646
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647 <caption></caption>
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648
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649 </table><br>
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650
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651 <ul>
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652 <li>mail wait 割合が減少した</li>
12
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653 <li>レンダリングエンジンの場合、PPE側で実行するTaskがあるので、
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654 mailチェックが遅れ気味になっている</li>
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655 </ul>
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656
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657 </div>
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658
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659 <div class="slide">
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660 <h1>まとめ</h1>
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661
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662
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663 <ul>
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664 <li>複数のTaskをまとめるTaskArrayを提案、実装した。</li>
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665 <li>PPE側が忙しく、mailチェックが遅れる場合に効果がある</li>
12
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666 <li>PPE側にTaskがない場合は、mailチェックは間に合う</li>
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667 <li>WordCountはdma転送がネックになっている</li>
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668 <li>マッピングの方法、Taskのスケジューリングを工夫して、dma転送時間を削減できる</li>
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669
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670
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671 </ul>
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672
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673 </div>
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674
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675
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676
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677 <div class="slide">
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678 <h1>end</h1>
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679 <ul>
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680 /*end*/
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681 <br><br>
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682
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683
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684 <div class="handout">
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685 [any material that should appear in print but not on the slide]
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686 </div>
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687 </div>
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688
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689
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690 </div>
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691
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692 </body>
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693 </html>