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add experiment result
author Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Tue, 11 Feb 2014 15:47:57 +0900
parents 3385af0bca0f
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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
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3 <html>
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4 <head>
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5 <title>Presentation</title>
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7 <meta charset='utf-8'>
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8 <script
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9 src='./slides.js'></script>
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10 </head>
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12 <style>
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13 /* Your individual styles here, or just use inline styles if that’s
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14 what you want. */
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16 </style>
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18 <body style='display: none'>
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19 <section class='slides layout-regular template-default'>
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21 <!--
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22 Your slides (<article>s) go here. Delete or comment out the
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23 slides below.
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24 -->
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25 <article >
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26 <h1>Cerium による並列処理向け I/O の設計と実装</h1>
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27 <h3 class="title">Masataka Kohagura 12th, February</h3>
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28 <div align="right">担当教官 : 河野 真治</div>
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29 </article>
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30
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31 <article class='smaller'>
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32 <h3>研究背景と目的</h3>
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33 <p>
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34 近年のCPUのほとんどはマルチコアであり、それらの性能を引き出すためには並列プログラミングが必須となっている。
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35 そこで当研究室では、並列プログラミング用フレームワーク、Cerium Task Manager の開発を行い、提供することによって並列プログラミングを容易にしている。
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36 </p>
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37 <p>
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38 先行研究では Task の並列化によって、プログラム全体の処理速度は向上している。しかし、ファイル読み込み等の I/O と Task が並列に動作するようにはされていない。
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39 </p>
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40 <p>
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41 現状では、ファイルを全て memory に mapping を行ってから Task が走るようになっているので、非常に大きいサイズのファイルを読み込むと、ファイルを memory に mapping するまでの時間がオーバーヘッドになってしまう。
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42 </p>
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43 <p>
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44 本研究では I/O と Task が並列に動作するような設計、実装によってプログラム全体の
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45 処理速度を上げていく。
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46 </p>
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47 </article>
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48
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49 <article>
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50 <h3>Cerium Task Manager の流れ</h3>
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51 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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52 <tbody>
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53 <tr>
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54 <td><img src='images/cerium.png' style="height:350px"></td>
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55 <td>
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56 <ol>
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57 <font size=5>
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58 <li>Taskを生成後、Task Managerにて Task の管理、依存関係のチェック</li>
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59 <li>TaskList に生成された Task を set </li>
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60 <li>Task を各 Scheduler に転送</li>
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61 <li>並列実行</li>
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62 </font>
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63 </ol>
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64 </td>
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65 </tr>
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66 </tbody>
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67 </table>
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68 </article>
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69
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70 <article>
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71 <h3>Cerium Task の生成の例(1)</h3>
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72 <p>(例題) multiply : 2つの数を掛け算するプログラム</p>
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73 <h3 class="yellow">main.cc の記述</h3>
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74 <pre>
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75 float* A, B, C;
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76 // Task の宣言
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77 HTaskPtr multiply = manager->create_task(MULTIPLY_TASK);
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78 // Task を実行する デバイスの設定
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79 multiply->set_cpu(SPE_ANY);
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80 // Task に入力データのアドレスを追加
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81 multiply->set_inData(0, (memaddr)A, sizeof(float)*length);
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82 multiply->set_inData(1, (memaddr)B, sizeof(float)*length);
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83 // Task に出力データのアドレスを追加
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84 multiply->set_outData(0, (memaddr)C, sizeof(float)*length);
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85 // Task へ値を1つだけ渡す
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86 multiply->set_param(0,length);
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87 // Task を TaskList に set する
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88 multiply->spawn(); </pre>
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89 </article>
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90
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91 <article>
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92 <h3>Cerium Task の生成(2)</h3>
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93 <br>
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94 <h3 class="yellow">Task の記述</h3>
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95 <pre>
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96 static int
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97 multiply(SchedTask *s,void *rbuf, void *wbuf)
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98 {
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99 float *A,*B,*C
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100 // 登録した inData を取得
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101 A = (float*)s->get_input(rbuf,0);
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102 B = (float*)s->get_input(rbuf,1);
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103 // 登録した outData を取得
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104 C = (float*)s->get_output(wbuf,0);
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105 // 登録した param を取得
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106 long length=(long)s->get_param(0);
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107 for (int i=0;i &lt; length;i++) {
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108 C[i] = A[i] * B[i];
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109 }
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110 return 0;
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111 } </pre>
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112 </article>
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113
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114 <article>
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115 <h3>並列処理向け I/O の 設計と実装</h3>
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116 <br>
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117 <ul>
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118 <li>I/O を含む Task の説明</li>
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119 <li>mmap での実装</li>
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120 <li>mmap の説明</li>
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121 <li>Block Read の設計</li>
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122 <li>Block Read の実装</li>
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123 </ul>
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124 </article>
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125
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126 <article>
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127 <h3>I/O を含む Task の説明</h3>
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128 <br>
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129 <img src='images/includeIOTask.png' style="height:250px">
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130 <ol>
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131 <li>file mmaping 後、file をある一定の大きさに分割する</li>
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132 <li>分割した file に対して、それぞれ計算を行う</li>
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133 <li>計算した結果を集計する</li>
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134 </ol>
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135 </article>
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136
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137
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138 <article>
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139 <h3>mmap での I/O の実装</h3>
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140 <br>
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141 <h3 class="yellow">mmap の記述</h3>
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142 <pre>
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143 mmap(SchedTask *s, void *in, void *out)
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144 {
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145 // FileReadPtr : File情報などを格納している構造体
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146 FileReadPtr fr = (FileReadPtr)in;
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147 int map = MAP_PRIVATE;
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148
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149 fr->read_text =
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150 (char*)mmap(NULL,fr->filesize,PROT_READ,map,fr->fd,(off_t)0);
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151 }
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152 </pre>
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153 <ul>
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154 <li>
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155 PROT_READ : 読み込み可
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156 </li>
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157 <li>
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158 MAP_PRIVATE : 読み込んだ領域に対して書き込みが起こると複製し、複製した領域に対して書き込みを行う
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159 </li>
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160 </ul>
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161 </article>
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162
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163 <article>
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164 <h3>mmap の説明</h3>
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165 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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166 <tbody>
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167 <tr>
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168 <td><img src='images/mmap.png' style="height:350px"></td>
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169 <td>
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170 <ul>
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171 <font size = 5>
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172 <li>
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173 code がシンプル (memory を自分自身で malloc せず、read を書いて読み込まなくていいため)
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174 </li>
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175 <li>
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176 memory より大きなファイルは開けない
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177 </li>
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178 <li>
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179 read の先読みがOS依存
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180 </li>
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181 <li>
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182 mmap した領域に対して何らかの処理が行われた時に memory に読み込まれる
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183 </li>
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184 </font>
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185 </ul>
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186 </td>
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187 </tr>
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188 </tbody>
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189 </table>
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190
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191 <ul>
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192 </ul>
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193 </article>
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194
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195 <article>
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196 <h3>Block Read の設計</h3>
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197 <br>
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198 <img src='images/divide_read.png' style="height:250px">
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199 <br>
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200
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201 <ul>
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202 <li>
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203 明示的な read
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204 </li>
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205 <li>
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206 先読みを自分で書ける(制御できる)
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207 </li>
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208 <li>
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209 code が煩雑
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210 </li>
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211 <li>
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212 memory より大きなファイルを扱える
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213 </li>
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214 </ul>
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215 </article>
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216
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217 <!--
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218 <article>
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219 <h3>divide read の実装(1)</h3>
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220 <br>
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221 <h3 class="yellow">Read Task の ブロック化</h3>
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222 <pre>
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223 program_run(TaskManager *manager, char *filename)
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224 {
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225 FileReadPtr fr = (FileReadPtr)manager->allocate(sizeof(FileRead));
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226 fr->self = fr;
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227 fr->fd = fd;
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228 ・・・
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229 read = manager->create_task(RUN_READ_BLOCKS,
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230 (memaddr)&fr->self, sizeof(memaddr),read_text,fr->filesize);
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231
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232 read->spawn();
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233 }
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234 </pre>
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235 </article>
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236
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237 <article>
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238 <h3>divide read の実装(2)</h3>
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239 <br>
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240 <ul>
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241 <li>
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242 divide read Task の実行の際に、ブロック単位で Task の生成、実行を行う。
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243 </li>
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244 <li>
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245 1つずつ生成すると Task の数だけ memory address が取られるために肥大化してしまう。
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246 </li>
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247 <li>
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248 しかしブロック単位で生成すると、同じ変数を使用しているので memory の節約になる。
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249 </li>
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250
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251 </li>
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252 </ul>
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253 </article>
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254 -->
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255
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256
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257
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258 <article class='smaller'>
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259 <h3>Block Read の実装(1/3)</h3>
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260 <br>
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261 <h3 class="yellow">Block Read の実装</h3>
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262 <pre>
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263 HTaskPtr t_read = manager->create_task(READ_TASK);
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264 t_read->set_cpu(read_spe_cpu);
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265 // 読み出すファイルの格納場所を設定
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266 t_read->set_outData(0,
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267 w->file_mmap + w->task_spawned * w->division_size,
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268 w->task_blocks * w->division_size);
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269 // ファイルディスクリプタの受け渡し
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270 t_read->set_param(0,w->fd);
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271 // ファイル読み込みの始点
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272 t_read->set_param(1,w->task_spawned*w->division_size);
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273
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274 // run_tasks(manager,w, w->task_blocks, t_read, t_next, w->division_size + w->extra_len);
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275 // ここで、ファイルに対して何らかの計算を掛けるような Task を設定する
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276 run_tasks(manager,w, w->task_blocks,・・・ );
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277
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278 // ファイル読み込みの終点
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279 t_read->set_param(2,w->task_spawned*w->division_size + w->extra_len);
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280
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281 t_read->spawn();
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282
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283 </pre>
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284 </article>
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285
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286 <article class='smaller'>
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287 <h3>Block Read の実装(2/3)</h3>
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288 <br>
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289 <img src='images/blockread.png' style="height:250px">
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290 <br>
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291
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292 <ul>
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293 <li>
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294 Task を 1 つずつ生成するのではなく、ブロック単位で生成する。<br>
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295 この図では、1 Block 当たり n 個の Task を生成する。<br>
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296 (1つずつ生成すると、生成された Task で memory を圧迫するため)
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297 </li>
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298 <li>
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299 Task 1つ当たりの読み込む領域を L とする。<br>
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300 Block Read Task 1つ当たり、memory に格納する大きさは L × n となる。
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301 </li>
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302 <li>
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303 Block Read Task が読み込み終わるまで、Task Block に wait を掛ける。<br>
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304 (Read Task が格納する前に走ると、まだ格納していない領域を読みこんでしまう。)
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305 </li>
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306 </ul>
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307 </article>
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308
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309
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310 <article>
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311 <h3>Block Read の実装(3/3)</h3>
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312 <br>
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313 <h3 class="yellow"> Block Read の記述</h3>
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314 <pre>
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315 static int
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316 read_task(SchedTask *s, void *rbuf, void *wbuf)
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317 {
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318 long fd = (long)s->get_param(0);
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319 long start_read_position = (long)s->get_param(1);
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320 long end_read_position = (long)s->get_param(2);
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321 char *read_text = (char*)s->get_output(wbuf,0);
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322 long read_size = end_read_position - start_read_position;
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323
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324 pread(fd, read_text, read_size , start_read_position);
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325 return 0;
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326 }
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327 </pre>
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328 </article>
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329
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330 <article>
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331 <h3>ベンチマーク(1/)</h3>
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332 <br>
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333 <h3 class="yellow">実験環境</h3>
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334 <ul>
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335 <li> Mac OS X 10.9.1</li>
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336 <li> 2*2.66 GHz 6-Core Intel Xeon</li>
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337 <li> Memory 16GB 1333MHz DDR3</li>
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338 <li> HHD 1TB</li>
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339 <li> file size : 約 10 GB</li>
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340 <li>
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341 "doing" という文字列が file 内にいくつあるか計算<br>
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342 ("doing" は 25,961,792 個存在する)
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343 </li>
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344 </ul>
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345 </article>
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346
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347 <article class = 'smaller'>
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348 <h3>ベンチマーク(2/)</h3>
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349 <p>
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350 file が memory に残っていない状態での測定
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351 </p>
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352 <br>
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353 <h3 class="yellow">結果</h3>
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354 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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355 <tbody>
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356 <tr>
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357 <td>read mode</td>
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358 <td>cpu num</td>
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359 <td>one task size</td>
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360 <td>task blocks</td>
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361 <td>min time(s)</td>
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362 <td>MAX time(s)</td>
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363 <td>ave time(s)</td>
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364 </tr>
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365 <tr>
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366 <td>mmap</td>
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367 <td>4</td>
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368 <td>128kbyte</td>
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369 <td>48</td>
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370 <td>135.2</td>
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371 <td>148.9</td>
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372 <td>142.3</td>
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373 </tr>
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374 <tr>
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375 <td>BRead</td>
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376 <td>4</td>
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377 <td>128kbyte</td>
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378 <td>48</td>
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379 <td>94.5</td>
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380 <td>109.2</td>
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381 <td>98.8</td>
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382 </tr>
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383
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384 <tr>
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385 <td>mmap</td>
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386 <td>12</td>
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387 <td>128kbyte</td>
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388 <td>48</td>
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389 <td>147.0</td>
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390 <td>181.8</td>
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391 <td>154.6</td>
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392 </tr>
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393 <tr>
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394 <td>BRead</td>
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395 <td>12</td>
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396 <td>128kbyte</td>
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397 <td>48</td>
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398 <td>91.6</td>
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399 <td>117.5</td>
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400 <td>99.2</td>
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401 </tr>
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402 </tbody>
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403 </table>
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404
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405
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406 <h3 class="yellow">考察</h3>
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407 </article>
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408
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409 <article>
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410 <h3>大学院に進学してしたいこと</h3>
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411 <br>
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412 <ul>
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413 <li>
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414 さらなる 並列処理向け I/O の動作を改善
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415 </li>
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416 <li>
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417 分散バージョン I/0 の設計と実装
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418 </li>
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419 <li>
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420 I/O を利用した、マルチコアソフトウェアシンセサイザーを設計
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421 </li>
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422 </ul>
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423
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424 </article>
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425
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426
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427 </body>
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428 </html>