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author Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Mon, 03 Feb 2014 09:43:16 +0900
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5 <title>分散 Database Jungle に関する研究</title>
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56 <section class='slides'>
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57 <!-- Add your slides here. Delete or comment out the slides below. -->
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59 <article class='cover'>
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60 <h1>
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61 分散 Database Jungle に関する研究
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62 <br>
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63
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64 </h1>
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65 <p>
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66 大城 信康
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67 <br>
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68 Feb 3, 2013
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69 </p>
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70 </article>
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71
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72 <article>
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73 <h3>
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74 概要
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75 </h3>
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76 <small>
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77 <p>ウェブサービスにとってデータベースは必須であり、ウェブサービスの規模に比例してデータベースへの負荷も高まる。</p>
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78 <p>データベースの処理能力の高さはそのままウェブサービスの質に繋がるため、データベースのスケーラビリティの確保は重要である。</p>
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79 <p>スケーラビリティ確保の方法としてデータ分散があるが、分散する方法により性能も変わってくる。</p>
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80 <p>我々は、非破壊的構造を用いてデータを表現するデータベースJungleの開発を行った。</p>
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81 <p>非破壊的木構造データベースJungleに分散実装を行い、その評価を行った。分散データベースCassandraよりよい性能を得ることができた。</p>
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82 </small>
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83 </article>
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84
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85 <article>
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86 <h3>
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87 ウェブサービスにおけるデータベースの重要性
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88 </h3>
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89 <p>ウェブサービスへの負荷が高まることは、データベースへの負荷が高まることでもある。</p>
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90 <p>データベースの性能が低ければ負荷に耐え切れずサービスはダウンする</p>
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91 <p style="text-align:center;">
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92 <img src="./images/service_down.png">
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93 </p>
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94 <p>そのため、データベースにはスケーラビリティが必要</p>
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95 </article>
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96
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97 <article>
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98 <h3>
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99 スケーラビリティとは
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100 </h3>
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101 <p>システムが負荷の増大に対して柔軟に拡張して対応できる性質</p>
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102 <p>主に次の2つの方法によりシステムはスケールされる</p>
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103 <ul>
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104 <li><font color="blue">スケールアップ</font>：<br/>高価な単一マシンによる性能アップ</li>
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105 <br/>
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106 <li><font color="red">スケールアウト</font>：<br/>汎用的なマシンを複数台用意することで性能アップ</li>
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107 </ul>
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108 <p>分散システムにおいては<font color="red">スケールアウト</font>によりスケーラビリティを高める</p>
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109 </article>
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110
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111 <article>
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112 <h3>
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113 データベースのスケーラビリティ
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114 </h3>
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115 <p>データベースのスケーラビリティを考えるとき、どういう用途で使用するかを考えるのが重要。</p>
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116 <li>例えば銀行の口座の情報を扱うデータベースは、データの整合性が最優先である。違う値がみられてはいけない。</li>
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117 <br/>
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118 <p>ウェブサービスにおいても、どのようなサービスを行うかによってスケーラビリティの確保の仕方も変わってくる。</p>
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119 <p>本研究で開発しているデータベースはコンテンツマネジメントシステム（CMS）を対象としている。</p>
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120 </article>
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121
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122 <article>
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123 <h3>
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124 コンテンツマネジメントシステム(CMS)
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125 </h3>
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126 <p>Webコンテンツを構成するテキストや画像などのデジタルコンテンツを管理し配信するシステム。</p>
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127 <li>例：ブログツール、Wiki</li>
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128 <p>分散コンテンツマネジメントシステムに求められること。</p>
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129 <li>Webコンテンツを分散して管理</li>
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130 <li>スケールアウトするシステム</li>
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131 <p>データ全体の整合性に遅延がある、結果整合性でもよい。書き込みや読み込みを優先としたデータベースが必要。</p>
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132 <p>そこで、非破壊的木構造データベースJungleの提案を行った。</p>
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133 </article>
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134
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135 <article>
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136 <h3>非破壊的木構造データベースJungle</h3>
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137 <p>JungleはスケーラビリティのあるCMSの設計を目指して当研究室で開発されているデータベース。</p>
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138 <p>データを木構造で、さらに非破壊で保持する。</p>
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139 <br/>
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140 <p>まず、破壊的木構造と非破壊的木構造について説明する。</p>
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141 </article>
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142
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143 <article>
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144 <h3>破壊的木構造</h3>
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145 <p>木構造の通常のデータ表現</p>
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146 <p>破壊的木構造は、木構造により保持しているデータの編集をデータを直接書き換えることで行う</p>
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147 <p style="text-align:center;">
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148 <img style="height:300px;" src="./images/destructive_tree_slide.png">
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149 </p>
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150 </article>
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151
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152 <article>
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153 <h3>破壊的木構造</h3>
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154 <p>破壊的木構造ではデータの編集中にそのデータを読むことができない</p>
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155 <p>編集が完了するまでまたなければならない</p>
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156 <p style="text-align:center;">
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157 <img style="width:500px;" src="./images/destructive_tree_demerit.png">
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158 </p>
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159 </article>
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160
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161 <article>
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162 <h3>
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163 非破壊的木構造
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164 </h3>
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165 <p>非破壊的木構造は一度作成したデータは変更しない</p>
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166 <p>新しい木構造を作成することでデータの編集を行う</p>
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167 <p style="text-align:center;">
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168 <img style="height:300px;" src="./images/non_destructive_tree_slide.png">
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169 </p>
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170 <p></p>
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171 </article>
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172
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173 <article>
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174 <h3>
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175 非破壊的木構造におけるデータ編集
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176 </h3>
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177 <p>目的とするノード5ををコピーして内容を編集する。ノード100となる</p>
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178 <p>ルートノードから目的のノード5までに続くルートノードとノード2のコピーとりノード100と繋げる</p>
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179
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180 <p style="text-align:center;">
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181 <img style="width:700px;" src="./images/non_destructive_tree_edit.png">
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182 </p>
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183 </article>
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184
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185 <article>
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186 <h3>
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187 非破壊的木構造におけるデータ編集と読み込み
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188 </h3>
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189 <p>新しく作成したルートノードに変更を加えていないノードへの参照を持たせる。新しい木構造のデータができる</p>
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190 <p>最新のルートノードの登録を新しく作成した側のルートノードへと登録する</p>
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191 <p style="text-align:center;">
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192 <img style="width:700px;" src="./images/non_destructive_tree_edit2.png">
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193 </p>
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194 </article>
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195
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196 <article>
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197 <h3>
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198 非破壊的木構造の利点
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199 </h3>
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200 <p>非破壊的木構造は通常の木構造である破壊的木構造に比べ、以下のような利点を持つ</p>
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201 <ul>
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202 <li>一度作成したデータは変更されない</li>
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203 <li>データが変更されないため自由にコピーを作ることができる(いつでも読み込みが可能)</li>
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204 <li>ロックがすくない。ロックが必要なのは最新のルートノードを登録するときだけ</li>
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205 </ul>
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206 <p>ロックが少なく、いつでもコピーが可能なことから、非破壊的木構造はスケーラブルなシステムに有用となる</p>
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207 </article>
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208
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209 <article>
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210 <h3>
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211 Jungleの分散設計:分散版管理システム
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212 </h3>
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213 <p>Jungleは分散設計を行うにあたってGitやMercurialといった分散版管理システムを意識している</p>
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214 <p style="margin-top:-10px;">分散版管理システムとは多人数によるソフトウェア開発において変更履歴を管理するシステム</p>
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215 <p style="margin-top:-10px;">分散版管理システムは次の特徴とAPIを持つ</p>
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216 <ul>
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217 <li>開発者それぞれがリポジトリのクローンしてローカルに持ち、開発はローカルのリポジトリを通すことで行われる</li>
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218 <li>ローカルのリポジトリは独立に存在し、サーバ上にある他人のリポジトリから変更履歴をとることができる。また自身の変更履歴を伝えることもできる</li>
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219 <li>データ更新時に先に別の更新が入っていた(衝突)場合はMergeによりデータの整合性をとる</li>
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220 </ul>
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221 </article>
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222
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223 <article>
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224 <h3>
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225 Jungleの分散設計:分散版管理システム
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226 </h3>
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227 <p>分散版管理システムAPI</p>
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228 <ul style="margin-top:-20px;">
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229 <li>commit:データに変更を加えたことをリポジトリに登録</li>
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230 <li>push:ローカルのリポジトリで行った変更履歴を他のリポジトリへまとめて送る</li>
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231 <li>pull:他のリポジトリからの変更履歴をまとめて受け取る</li>
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232 </ul>
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233 <p style="text-align:center;">
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234 <img style="height:200px;" src="./images/distributed_repository.png">
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235 </p>
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236 <small>
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237 <p>分版版管理システムはリポジトリが壊れても別のリポジトリよりデータを復旧できることと、push/pullそれとMergeによる整合性
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238 の確保で、高いスケーラビリティを持っている</p>
77
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239 </small>
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240 </article>
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241
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242 <article>
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243 <h3>
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244 Jungleの分散設計:分散版管理システム
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245 </h3>
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246 <p>Jungleと分散版管理システムには似通った点がある</p>
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247 <li>どちらもデータのコピーが自由</li>
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248 <li>データ更新しても過去のデータに影響を与えない</li>
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249 <br/>
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250 <p><font color="red">同じAPIを実装することで、分散版管理システムと同じく高いスケーラビリティが期待できる</font></p>
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251 <p>具体的には</p>
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252 <ul>
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253 <li>pushやpullによる定期的なデータの更新</li>
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254 <li>Mergeによる更新データ衝突の解決</li>
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255 </ul>
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256 </article>
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257
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258
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259 <article>
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260 <h3>
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261 Jungleの分散実装
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262 </h3>
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263 <p>ここまでJungleの分散設計について説明した。</p>
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264 <br/>
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265 <p>これらのシステムを実装する為にまずはJungleのノード同士でネットワークトポロジーを
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266 組み、その上でデータをやりとりする機構が必要になる。</p>
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267 <p>そこで、ネットワートポロジーを組みログによるデータの分散を行う仕組みをJungleに実装した。</p>
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268 <p>また、Mergeの例として掲示板プログラムにおけるMergeの実装も行った。</p>
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269 </article>
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270
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271 <article>
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272 <h3>
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273 Jungleの分散実装：ログによるデータ分散
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274 </h3>
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275 <small>
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276 <p>今回Jungleの分散実装は以下のように行った</p>
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277 <table>
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278 <tr>
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279 <th>ツリートポロジーを形成</th>
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280 <th>commit log伝搬によるデータ分散</th>
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281 </tr>
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282 <tr>
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283 <td>
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284 <img src="./images/tree_topology.png">
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285 </td>
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286 <td>
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287 <img src="./images/distributed_jungle.png">
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288 </td>
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289 </tr>
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290 </table>
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291 <p>サーバノード同士でツリートポロジーを形成する。データ編集をどのように行ったのかを示すログ commit log を伝搬させデータの分散を行う。</p>
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292 </small>
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293 </article>
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294
78
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295 <article>
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296 <h3>
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297 Mergeによる更新の衝突の解決
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298 </h3>
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299 <small>
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300 <table style="font-size: 0.7em; width:100%;" >
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301 <tr>
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302 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/tree_conflict.png"></p></td>
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303 </tr>
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304 <tr>
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305 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/tree_conflict3.png"></p></td>
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306 </tr>
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307 </table>
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308 <p style="margin-top:0px;">上の図は通常のデータ更新を示す</p>
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309 <p style="margin-top:-20px;">下の図は、同じ木に対して2つのデータの更新があったが編集を無事終えるケースを示す</p>
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310 </small>
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311 </article>
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312
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313 <article>
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314 <h3>
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315 Mergeによる更新の衝突の解決ができない場合
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316 </h3>
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317 <table style="font-size: 0.7em; width:100%;" >
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318 <tr>
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319 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/tree_conflict2.png"></p></td>
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320 </tr>
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321 </table>
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322 <p>木の同じノードに対してデータの編集が行われた場合、どのような編集結果にすればよいかわからない。</p>
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323 <p>どのような木が組まれ、どのようにデータを保存するかはアプリケーション毎に変わってくる。そのため、アプリケーション毎に
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324 Mergeアルゴリズムは考えなくてはならない。</p>
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325
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326 </article>
77
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327
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328 <article>
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329 <h3>
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330 Jungleの分散実装:掲示板システムにおけるMerge
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331 </h3>
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332 <p>Jungleではアプリケーション毎にMergeアルゴリズムを設計</p>
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333 <p>後述する性能比較に用いた掲示板システムにおけるMergeの実装を考える</p>
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334 <p>掲示板システムにおけるデータ構造を以下に示す</p>
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335 <p style="text-align:center;">
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336 <img src="./images/bulletinboard.png">
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337 </p>
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338 </article>
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339
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340 <article>
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341 <h3>
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342 Jungleの分散実装:掲示板システムにおけるMerge
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343 </h3>
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344 <small>
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345 <table style="font-size: 0.7em; width:100%;" >
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346 <tr>
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347 <td><p>1</p></td>
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348 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/merge_impl1.png"></p></td>
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349 </tr>
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350 <tr>
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351 <td>2</td>
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352 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/merge_impl2.png"></p></td>
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353 </tr>
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354 <tr>
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355 <td>3</td>
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356 <td><p style="margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:-5px; text-align:center;"><img src="./images/merge_impl3.png"></p></td>
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357 </tr>
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358 </table>
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359 </small>
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360 </article>
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361
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362 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
363 <h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
364 分散データベースJungleの評価
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
365 </h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
366 <p>分散データベースとしてJungleの性能を評価する。</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
367 <p>分散Key-ValueデーターべースCassandraと比較を行う。</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
368 <p>比較方法は、Jungle, Cassandra をそれぞれバックエンドとした簡易掲示板を作成する。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
369 <p>掲示板に対してHTTP Requestで並列に読み込みと書き込みの負荷をかけ計測する。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
370 <p>レスポンスが返る平均時間と標準偏差を求めグラフ化する</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
371 </article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
372
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
373
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
374 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
375 <h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
376 JungleとCassandraの比較方法
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
377 </h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
378 <p>実験は以下の2つを行う</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
379 <small>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
380 <table style="font-size: 0.7em; width:100%;">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
381 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
382 <th>実験1:サーバ単体への負荷</th><th>実験2:複数台のサーバに対する負荷</th>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
383 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
384 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
385 <td><img style="width:400px;" src="./images/cluster_request_server.png"></td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
386 <td><img style="width:400px;" src="./images/clients_request_servers.png"></td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
387 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
388 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
389 <td><p>複数のクライアントから単体のサーバへ負荷をかける</p></td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
390 <td><p>複数のクライアントから複数のサーバへ負荷をかける</p></td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
391 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
392 </table>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
393 <p>サーバ単体の性能と, 分散環境下における性能の2つを調べる。</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
394 <p>分散環境下におけるノードは全て繋がっている</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
395 </small>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
396 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
397
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
398 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
399 <h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
400 実験に使用するサーバの仕様
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
401 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
402 <!--
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
403 <p>実験1:単体サーバへの負荷で使用するサーバ側</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
404 -->
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
405 <table style="font-size: 0.7em;">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
406 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
407 <th></th><th>ブレードサーバ</th>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
408 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
409 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
410 <td>CPU</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
411 <td>Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5650@2.67GHz</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
412 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
413 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
414 <td>コア数</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
415 <td>24</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
416 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
417 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
418 <td>Memory</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
419 <td>132GB</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
420 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
421 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
422 <td>OS</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
423 <td>Fedora 16</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
424 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
425 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
426 <td>HyperVisor</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
427 <td>なし（物理マシン）</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
428 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
429 </table>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
430 <small>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
431 <p style="">並列環境</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
432 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
433 <table style="font-size: 0.7em; margin-top:-20px; ">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
434 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
435 <th></th><th>VMWareクラスタ</th><th>KVMクラスタ</th>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
436 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
437 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
438 <td>台数</td><td>48</td><td>12</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
439 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
440 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
441 <td>CPU</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
442 <td>Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5650@2.67GHz</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
443 <td>Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5650@2.67GHz</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
444 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
445 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
446 <td>コア数</td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
447 <td>4</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
448 <td>4</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
449 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
450 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
451 <td>Memory</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
452 <td>8GB</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
453 <td>8GB</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
454 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
455 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
456 <td>OS</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
457 <td>Fedora 16</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
458 <td>Fedora 16</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
459 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
460 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
461 <td>HyperVisor</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
462 <td>VMWare ESXi</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
463 <td>KVM (Linux Fedora 16)</td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
464 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
465 </table>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
466
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
467 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
468
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
469
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
470 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
471 <h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
472 実験1:単体サーバへの負荷
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
473 </h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
474 <p style="text-align:center;">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
475 <img style="width:80%;" src="./images/cluster_request_server.png">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
476 </p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
477 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
478
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
479 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
480 <h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
481 実験1：単体サーバへの負荷（読み込み）
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
482 </h3>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
483 <small>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
484 <p>ブレードサーバ一台に対して複数のクライアントからの負荷</p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
485 <table style="text-align:center;font-size:0.7em;">
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
486 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
487 <td><img style="height:350px;" src="./images/bldsv12_read_bench.png"/></td>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
488 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
489 <tr>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
490 <th style="text-align:center;">読み込みの実験結果</th>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
491 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
492 </table>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
493 <p style="margin-top:0px;">JungleがCassandraより良い結果を示している</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
494 <p style="margin-top:-20px;">クライアントが55台のときのJungleの最速とCassandraの最遅は3倍近く離れている</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
495 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
496 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
497
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
498 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
499 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
500 実験1：単体サーバへの負荷（書き込み）
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
501 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
502 <small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
503 <p>ブレードサーバ一台に対して複数のクライアントからの負荷</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
504 <table style="text-align:center;font-size:0.7em;">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
505 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
506 <td><img style="height:350px;" src="./images/bldsv12_write_bench.png"/></td>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
507 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
508 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
509 <th style="text-align:center;">書き込みの実験結果</th>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
510 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
511 </table>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
512 <p>読み込み同様Jungleのほうが良い結果を示している</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
513 <p>読み込みよりJungleとCassandraの結果が重なる部分が減っている</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
514 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
515 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
516
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
517 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
518 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
519 実験1の考察
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
520 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
521 <p>読み込み、書き込みともにJungleの性能がよく。平均だけみても2倍以上早い部分もある。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
522 <p>特に書き込みに関してはクライアントの数が増えるにつれ差が開いている。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
523 <!--
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
524 <p>要因の1つとしてCassandraはディスクへ書き込みを行うが、Jungleは全てのデータをオンメモリで扱っていることもある</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
525 <p>これはある意味当然だが、もう1つ要因をあげられる</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
526 -->
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
527 <p>これはJungleが全体的にロックが少ないことが要因としてあげられる。</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
528 <p>Jungleは非破壊でデータの保持をするため、読み込みは自由に行える。書き込み時には木のコピーをとりルートノードを入れ替える
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
529 ときのみロックが発生する。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
530 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
531
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
532 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
533 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
534 実験2:分散環境下における負荷
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
535 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
536 <p style="text-align:center;">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
537 <img style="width:80%;" src="./images/clients_request_servers.png">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
538 </p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
539 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
540
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
541 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
542 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
543 実験2：分散環境下における読み込み
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
544 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
545 <small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
546 <table style="text-align:center;font-size:0.7em;">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
547 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
548 <td><img style="height:350px;" src="./images/distributed_read_bench.png">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
549 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
550 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
551 <th style="text-align:center;">読み込みの実験結果</th>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
552 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
553 </table>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
554 <p>CassandraはConsistency Level ONE(赤)とQUORUM(緑)両方を測定</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
555 <p>Jungleは1秒から5秒をキープ</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
556 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
557 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
558
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
559 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
560 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
561 実験2：分散環境下における書き込み
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
562 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
563 <small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
564 <table style="text-align:center;font-size:0.7em;">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
565 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
566 <td><img style="height:350px;" src="./images/distributed_write_bench.png">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
567 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
568 <tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
569 <th style="text-align:center;">書き込みの実験結果</th>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
570 </tr>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
571 </table>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
572 <p>CassandraはConsistency Level ONE(赤)とQUORUM(緑)両方を測定</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
573 <p>Jungleは5.5秒から7.3秒をキープ</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
574 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
575 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
576
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
577
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
578 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
579 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
580 実験2の考察
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
581 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
582 <p>こちらもJungleがCassadraより良い結果を示した。実験1よりも差がでている。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
583 <p>Jungleのグラフが横ばいになっていることに注目したい。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
584 <!--
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
585 <p>Cassandraはノードの数が増えるに従いデータを取りにいくノードも増えることでレスポンスが遅くなっている。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
586 -->
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
587 <p>Jungleはリクエストに対し手元にあるデータを返す。そのためノードの数が増えてもレスポンスの早さを維持できる。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
588 <p>Cassandraはデータを持っている数台のノードに読み込みに行くという作業が入るためJungleより遅くなってしまう</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
589 <p>Jungleは同期を取らないためデータ全体の整合性は落ちるが、分散管理システムを参考にした設計の有用性を示すことができた。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
590 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
591
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
592
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
593 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
594 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
595 まとめ
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
596 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
597 <p>本研究では非破壊的木構造Jungleに分散データベースの実装を行った</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
598 <p>非破壊的木構造における利点を述べ、スケーラビリティの高い分散版管理システムとの類似性を述べた</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
599 <p>Mergeアルゴリズムの1つとして掲示板プログラムにおけるMergeについて設計・実装を行った</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
600 <p>性能比較の実験のためJungle、Cassandraで利用できる簡易掲示板の作成を行った</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
601 <p>実験は単体サーバと分散環境下において行い、どちらともCassandraよりよい結果をえることができた</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
602 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
603
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
604 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
605 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
606 今後の課題
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
607 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
608 <p>push/pull方式による分断耐性の実装</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
609 <ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
610 <li>現実装ではJungleはデータ編集が行われた際に発生するログを非同期で他サーバノードへと送信している</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
611 <li>だがこの方法では接続が切れた際に再接続を行ったノードが全てのデータをとることができない</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
612 <li>そこで非同期とは別に同期をとり他ノードとに差分となるデータを送るということを行いたい</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
613 <li>これは分散管理システムにおけるpush/pull APIにあたる</li>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
614 </ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
615 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
616
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
617 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
618 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
619 今後の課題
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
620 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
621 <p>データ分割の実装</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
622 <ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
623 <li>現在の実装は全てのノードで全てのデータを持たせている</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
624 <li>この方法ではメモリの使用量が高いこととネットワーク帯域への負荷が懸念される</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
625 <li>ノード単位で保持するデータを分ける実装が必要</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
626 <li>その場合、木構造単位でノード毎にデータを分ける</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
627 <li>持っていないデータの要求が来た場合は、データを持っているノードに取りに行くようにする</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
628 </ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
629 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
630
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
631 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
632 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
633 今後の課題
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
634 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
635 <p>Mergeアルゴリズムの設計</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
636 <ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
637 <li>JungleはMergeを使うことで更新データ衝突の問題を解決する。</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
638 <li>今回実装した掲示板プログラムにおけるMergeは単純なもの。</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
639 <li>他のアプリケーションではどのようにMergeを行うのか考察が必要。</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
640 </ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
641 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
642
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
643
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
644 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
645 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
646 今後の課題
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
647 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
648 <p>過去のデータの掃除について</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
649 <ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
650 <li>Jungleは非破壊でデータを保持するため過去のメモリの使用量が大きい</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
651 <li>ある程度の単位で過去のデータの掃除を行いたい</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
652 <li>そのためにはどのノードがどのデータを持っているかという情報を扱うことが必要</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
653 <li>どれくらいデータが古くなると掃除を行うか判断が必要</li>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
654 </ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
655 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
656
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
657 <article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
658 <h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
659 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
660 <p></p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
661 <ul>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
662 </ul>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
663 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
664
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
665 <article>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
666 <h3>
78
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
667 Mergeは必ずできるのか
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
668 </h3>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
669 <p>Mergeを必ず行うことは難しい</p>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
670 <p>例えば、更新するデータが画像だった場合、2つの画像のデータから新しい画像を作るわけにはいかない。</p>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
671 <p>後に更新したものを優先するといった方法をとるか、ユーザの選択に委ねるしかない。</p>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
672 </article>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
673
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
674
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
675 <article>
04f63b011fee Writed description of merge
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 77
diff changeset
676 <h3>
77
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
677 分散Key-ValueストアCassandraの特徴
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
678 </h3>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
679 <small style="line-height:30px;">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
680 <p>ring型トポロジーを形成。ring上にはHash値があり、書き込むデータのキーのハッシュ値により書き込むノードを決定</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
681 <p>1つのデータの複製を最大何とるかというReplication factorの設定がある。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
682 <p>Consistency Levelというデータの読み書きの際に何台のノードから読み書きするかを決定できる</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
683 <p>Consistency LevelにはONE,QUORUM,ALLがある。QUORUMはReplication factorの数/2+1 のノードに読み書きする。</p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
684 </small>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
685 <p>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
686 <img style="margin-top:-30px;" src="./images/consistency_quorum.png">
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
687 </p>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
688 </article>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
689
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
690
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
691
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
692 </section>
bd73f0e1cdd4 Added slides
Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
693
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
694 </body>
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Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
695 </html>