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author Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Fri, 24 Jan 2014 11:14:24 +0900
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1 \chapter{Jungleの分散実装}
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2 \section{TreeOperationLogを用いての分散データベースの実装}
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3 Jungle でデータ扱うと TreeOperationLog として残ることは述べた.
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4 この TreeOperationLog を他のサーバへと送り, Jungle の編集を行って
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5 貰うことでデータの分散を行うことができる.
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6 ここで問題になることはネットワークトポロジーの形成方法であった.
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8 % なぜツリー型なのか説明をしたほうがいい？
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9 % マージの利用のためツリー型？
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10 Jungle で使用するネットワークトポロジーはツリー型を考えている.
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11 しかし, リング型といった他のネットワークトポロジーによる実装に関しても試す余地はある.
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12 自由にネットワークトポロジーの形成を行うことができる必要があった.
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14 そこで当研究室で開発を行っている並列分散フレームワークである Alice を使用する.
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15 Alice により提供されるネットワークトポロジー形成を用いて TreeOperationLog を各サーバノードへ
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16 配ることで並列分散フレームワークの実装を行う.
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18 % トポロジー形成の説明をする. 重要さなども。
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19 % トポロジーの形成は容易ではない.
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20 % Alice が必要な機能を提供してくれることを述べる
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21 % Alice はトポロジー形成の機能を提供している
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22 % トポロジー間でのデータの受け渡す機能も提供している
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23 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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24 \begin{minipage}{0.5\hsize}
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25 \begin{center}
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26 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{figures/network_topology_ring.pdf}
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27 \caption{リング型のNetwork Topology}
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28 \label{fig:topology_ring}
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29 \end{center}
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30 \end{minipage}
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31 \begin{minipage}{0.5\hsize}
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32 \begin{center}
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33 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{figures/network_topology_tree.pdf}
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34 \caption{ツリー型のNetwork Topology}
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35 \label{fig:topology_tree}
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36 \end{center}
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37 \end{minipage}
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38 \end{figure}
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40 \section{並列分散フレームワークAlice}
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41 Alice は当研究室で開発している並列分散フレームワークである.
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42 Alice はデータを DataSegment, コードを CodeSegment という単位で扱うプログラミングを提供している.
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43 DataSegment として扱われるデータは
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44
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45 % DataSegment, CodeSegment はなしにしたほうがいいかもしれない. Alice が論文の主題じゃないから
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46 % それとこの2つの説明をするとしたら結構な量になる
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47
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48 \section{Alice のトポロジーマネージャーの利用}
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49 Alice はサーバノード同士によるネットワークトポロジー形成の機能を持つ.
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50 トポロジーマネージャーの起動は\ref{src:alice_dot}の様にポート番号の指定と dot ファイルを引数として渡すことで行う.
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51 (\ref{src:alice_ntm_run}).
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52 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:alice_ntm_run,caption=Alice によるネットワークトポロジーマネージャーの起動,numbers=left]
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53 % java -cp Alice.jar alice.topology.manager.TopologyManager -p 10000 -conf ./topology/tree5.dot
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54 \end{lstlisting}
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55
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56
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57 ポート番号は Alice により記述された並列分散プログラムの起動時に渡す必要がある.
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58 dot ファイルには, トポロジーをどのように形成するかが書かれている.
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59 以下に, サーバノード数5で, 2分木ツリー構造を形成する dot ファイルの例を示す(\ref{src:alice_dot}).
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60 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:alice_dot,caption=ネットワークトポロジー設定用 dot ファイル,numbers=left]
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61 % cat tree5.dot
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62 digraph test {
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63 node0 -> node1 [label="child1"]
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64 node0 -> node2 [label="child2"]
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65 node1 -> node0 [label="parent"]
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66 node1 -> node3 [label="child1"]
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67 node1 -> node4 [label="child2"]
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68 node2 -> node0 [label="parent"]
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69 node3 -> node1 [label="parent"]
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70 node4 -> node1 [label="parent"]
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71 }
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72 \end{lstlisting}
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73
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74 node0 や node1 はサーバノードの名前を示す.
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75 サーバノードの間にはラベルがあり, Alice 上ではこのラベル
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76 に指定される文字列(キー)を使うことで他のサーバノードのデータへアクセスすることができる.
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77 node0 -> node1 はサーバノード同士の繋がりを示している.
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78 次に続く label="child1" は, node0 が node1 のデータに"child1"という文字列を使うことでアクセス
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79 できることを示す.
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80
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81 dot ファイルを読み込んだ Alice のトポロジーマネージャーに対して, サーバノードは
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82 誰に接続を行えばよいかを訪ねる.
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83 トポロジーマネージャーは訪ねてきたサーバノードに対してノード番号を割り振り, dot ファイル
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84 に記述している通りにサーバノード同士が接続を行うよう指示をだす.
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85
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86 トポロジーマネージャーは接続要求先を聞いてくるサーバノードに対して名前を割り振り, 接続相手を伝える.
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87 dot ファイル\ref{src:alice_dot}により形成されるトポロジーを図\ref{fig:tree_topology}に示す.
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88
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89 \newpage
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90
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91 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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92 \begin{center}
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93 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/tree_topology.pdf}
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94 \caption{Alice によるネットワークトポロジー形成}
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95 \label{fig:tree_topology}
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96 \end{center}
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97 \end{figure}
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98
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99
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100 矢印に書かれている文字列は, 相手のデータにアクセスするキーを示す.
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101 "child1", "child2", "parent" というキーを使うことで別のサーバノードにあるデータを取得することができる.
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102 %子共となるノードは "parent" キーにより親の DSM (Remote DSM) にアクセスすることができる.
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103 %また, 親も子供となるノードの DSM に対して "child1" や "child2" キーによりアクセスすることが可能となる.
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104
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105 トポロジーマネージャーに最初に接続要求を行う並列分散プログラム側は, 次のように記述する(\ref{src:alice_start})
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106 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:alice_start,caption=Alice を使用してのトポロジー形成,numbers=left]
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107 public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
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108 {
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109 RemoteConfig conf = new RemoteConfig(args);
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110 new TopologyNode(conf, new StartBBSCodeSegment(args, conf.bbsPort));
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111 }
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112 \end{lstlisting}
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113
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114
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115 そして, プログラムの起動時にはトポロジーマネージャーが動いているサーバのドメインとポート番号を
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116 渡すことでトポロジーの形成が行われれプログラムの処理がはしる.
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117 例えば, mass00.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp というサーバ上でポート番号10000を指定してトポロジーマネージャーを
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118 起動した場合は次のようになる(\ref{src:run_program}).
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119 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:run_program,caption=トポロジーマネージャーの利用,numbers=left]
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120 % java Program -host mass00.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp -port 10000
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121 \end{lstlisting}
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122
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123 % MessagePackの説明もここに簡単に入れたほうがいいかも.
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124
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125 \section{Aliceを用いての分散実装}
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126 形成されたトポロジー上でのデータの送受信を行う部分について述べる.
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127
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128
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129 \section{ログのシリアライズ}
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130 ここでログのシリアライズについて述べる.
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131
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132 シリアライズとは, データをネットワーク上に流しても良い形式に変換することである.
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133
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134
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135 \section{Jungleの永続性の実装}
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136
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137
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138 \section{掲示板プログラムにおけるマージの実装}
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139 Jungle に分散実装を行った後の問題としてデータ衝突がある.
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140 他のサーバノードから送られてくるデータが既に手元で変更を加えた木構造を対象とした
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141 場合に発生する問題である.
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142 Jungle ではこれをアプリケーション毎にマージを実装することで解決させる.
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143
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144 今回分散実装を行い, 例題として掲示板プログラムを用意した.
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145 掲示板プログラムに実装を行ったマージについて述べる.
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146 まず Jungle を用いた掲示板プログラムのデータ保持方法を図\ref{fig:merge2}に示す.
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147 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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148 \begin{center}
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149 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge2.pdf}
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150 \caption{Jungle による掲示板プログラムのデータ保持方法}
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151 \label{fig:merge2}
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152 \end{center}
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153 \end{figure}
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154
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155 掲示板プログラムでは各掲示板毎に1つの木構造が作成される.
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156 掲示板への1つの書き込みは子ノードを1つ追加することに相当する.
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157 また, 各子ノードは attributes として書き込みの内容である message と書き込まれた時間を表す timestamp を保持している.
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158 先に追加された順で子ノードには若い番号が割り振られる.
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159
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160 他サーバノードからの書き込みをそのまま子ノードの後ろに追加してしまうと, データの整合性が崩れてしまう.
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161 この時の状態を表しているのが図\ref{fig:merge_imp1}と\ref{fig:merge_imp2}になる.
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162 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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163 \begin{center}
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164 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge_imp1.pdf}
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165 \caption{他サーバノードの編集データ反映による整合性の崩れ1}
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166 \label{fig:merge_imp1}
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167 \end{center}
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168 \end{figure}
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169
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170 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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171 \begin{center}
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172 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge_imp2.pdf}
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173 \caption{他サーバノードの編集データ反映による整合性の崩れ2}
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174 \label{fig:merge_imp2}
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175 \end{center}
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176 \end{figure}
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177
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178 \newpage
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179
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180 図\ref{fig:merge_imp2}の server node0 の木の状態にするのが理想である.
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181 掲示板のへの書き込みの表示は, 書き込みされた時間が早い順に表示されるようにしたい.
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182 これを timestamp を利用することで行う.
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183 他サーバノードから来たデータに関しては, timestamp を参照し, 次に自分の保持している
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184 木の子ノードの timestamp と比べていくことでデータの追加する場所を決める.
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185 これが今回実装を行った掲示板システムにおけるマージになる.
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186
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187 %単一サーバで動いている時の Jungle はただ子ノードとして後ろに追加するだけだが, 分散
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188 %環境下においては timestamp に従い子ノードを追加する位置を決めるようにする.
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189
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190
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191
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192