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add createTask images
author Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Mon, 11 Jan 2016 11:39:37 +0900
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children 16d34f730a6d
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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1 \chapter{Cerium}
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2 Cerium は、Cell 向けに開発された並列プログラミングフレームワークである。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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3 Cell は Sony Computer Entertainment 社が販売した PlayStation3 に搭載されているヘテロジニアスマルチコア・プロセッサである。
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4 本章では Cerium の実装について説明する。
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5
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6 \section{Cerium の概要}
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7 Cerium は当初 Cell 向けに開発され、C/C++ で実装されている。
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8 現在では Linux、 MacOS X 上で動作する並列プログラミングフレームワークである。
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9
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10 Cerium は TaskManager、SceneGraph、Rendering Engine の3要素から構成されている。
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11 本研究では汎用計算フレームワークである TaskManager を利用して文字列の並列計算を行なった。
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12
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13 図\ref{fig:TaskManager}は Cerium が Task の生成/実行する場合のクラス構成図である。
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14 TaskManager で依存関係が解消され、実行可能になった Task は ActiveTaskList に格納される。
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15 ActiveTaskList に格納された Task は、依存関係が解消されているのでどのような順番で実行されても問題はない。
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16 Task は転送を行いやすい TaskList に変換され、CpuType に対応した Scheduler に転送される。
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17 なお、転送はSynchronozed Queue である mail を通して行われる。
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18
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19 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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20 \begin{center}
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21 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/createTask.pdf}
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22 \end{center}
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23 \caption{Task Manager}
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24 \label{fig:TaskManager}
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25 \end{figure}
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26
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27 \newpage
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28
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29 \section{Cerium TaskManager}
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30 Cerium TaskManager では、処理の単位を Task として記述していく。
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31 関数やサブルーチンを Task として取り扱い、その Task にて Input Data/Output Data 及び Task の依存関係を設定する。
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32 そして Task は設定された依存関係を考慮しながら実行される。
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33
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34 Input Data で格納した 2 つの数を乗算し、Output Data に演算結果を格納する multiply という例題のソースコード\ref{src:createTask}を以下に示す。
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35
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36 また、Task の生成時に用いる API 一覧を表\ref{table:TaskCreateAPI}に示す。
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37 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:createTask,caption=Task の生成,numbers=left]
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38 multi_init(TaskManager *manager)
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39 {
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40 float *A, *B, *C;
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41
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42 // create Task
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43 HTaskPtr multiply = manager->create_task(MULTIPLY_TASK);
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44
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45 // set device
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46 multiply->set_cpu(SPE_ANY);
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47
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48 // set inData
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49 multiply->set_inData(0, (memaddr)A, sizeof(float)*length);
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50 multiply->set_inData(1, (memaddr)B, sizeof(float)*length);
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51
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52 // set outData
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53 multiply->set_outData(0, (memaddr)C, sizeof(float)*length);
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54
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55 // set parameter
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56 multiply->set_param(0,(long)length);
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57
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58 // spawn task
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59 multiply->spawn();
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60 }
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61 \end{lstlisting}
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62
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63 \begin{tiny}
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64 \begin{table}[ht]
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65 \begin{center}
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66 \label{table:TaskCreateAPI}
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67 \small
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68 \begin{tabular}[t]{c|l}
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69 \hline
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70 create\_task& Task を生成する \\
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71 \hline
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72 set\_inData & Task への入力データのアドレスを追加 \\
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73 \hline
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74 set\_outData & Task への出力データのアドレスを追加 \\
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75 \hline
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76 set\_param & Task へ値を一つ渡す。ここでは length \\
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77 \hline
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78 set\_cpu & Task を実行するデバイスの設定 \\
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79 \hline
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80 spawn & 生成した Task を TaskList に set \\
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81 \hline
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82 \end{tabular}
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83 \caption{Task 生成における API}
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84 \end{center}
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85 \end{table}
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86 \end{tiny}
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87
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88 次に、デバイス側で実行される Task のソースコードを\ref{src:task}に示す。
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89 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:task,caption=Task,numbers=left]
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90 static int
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91 run(SchedTask *s) {
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92 // get input
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93 float *i_data1 = (float*)s->get_input(0);
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94 float *i_data2 = (float*)s->get_input(1);
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95
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96 // get output
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97 float *o_data = (float*)s->get_output(0);
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98
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99 // get parameter
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100 long length = (long)s->get_param(0);
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101
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102 // calculate
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103 for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
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104 o_data[i] = i_data1[i] * i_data2[i];
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105 }
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106 return 0;
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107 }
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108 \end{lstlisting}
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109 また表\ref{table:taskAPI}は Task 側で利用する API である。
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110 Task 生成時に設定した Input Data や parameter を取得することができる。
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111
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112 \begin{tiny}
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113 \begin{table}[ht]
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114 \begin{center}
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115 \caption{Task 側で使用する API}
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116 \label{table:taskAPI}
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117 \small
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118 \begin{tabular}[t]{c|l}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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119 \hline
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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120 get\_input & Scheduler から input data を取得 \\
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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121 \hline
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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122 get\_output & Scheduler から output data を取得 \\
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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123 \hline
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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124 get\_param & set\_param した値を取得 \\
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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125 \hline
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 5
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126 \end{tabular}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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127 \end{center}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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128 \end{table}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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129 \end{tiny}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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130
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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131 Task 生成時に設定できる要素を以下に列挙する。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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132
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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133 \begin{itemize}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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134 \item Input Data
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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135 \item Output Data
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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136 \item Parameter
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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137 \item CpuType
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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138 \item Dependency
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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139 \end{itemize}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 5
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140
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents: 5
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141 Input/Output Data、Parameter は関数の引数に相当する。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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142 Cpu Type は Task を動作させるデバイスを設定することができ、Dependency は他の Task との依存関係を設定することができる。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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143
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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144 \section{並列処理向け I/O}
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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145 ファイル読み込みなどの I/O を含むプログラムは、読み込み時間が Task の処理時間と比較してオーバーヘッドになることが多い。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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146 計算処理の並列化を図ったとしても I/O がボトルネックになってしまい処理全体が高速にならない。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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147 本項では Cerium に実装した並列処理用 I/O を行ない、I/O 部分の高速化を図った。
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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148
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Masataka Kohagura <kohagura@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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149 Cerium の例題ではファイル読み込みを mmap にて実装していた。しかし、mmap だとファイルを読み込んでから Task を実行するので、読み込んでいる間は他の CPU が動作せず並列度が落ちる。そこで、I/O 部分も Task と並列に動作するように実装した。