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slide chapter3,4
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date Fri, 07 Feb 2020 20:06:13 +0900
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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
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3 <html lang="en">
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13 CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え - HackMD
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14 </title>
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24 <style>
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26 </style>
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29 <!--[if lt IE 9]>
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31 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js" integrity="sha256-g6iAfvZp+nDQ2TdTR/VVKJf3bGro4ub5fvWSWVRi2NE=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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32 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/es5-shim/4.5.9/es5-shim.min.js" integrity="sha256-8E4Is26QH0bD52WoQpcB+R/tcWQtpzlCojrybUd7Mxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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33 <![endif]-->
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34 </head>
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35
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36 <body>
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37 <div id="doc" class="markdown-body container-fluid comment-enabled" data-hard-breaks="true" style="position: relative;"><h1 id="CbCインターフェースによる-CbCXv6-の書き換え" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#CbCインターフェースによる-CbCXv6-の書き換え" title="CbCインターフェースによる-CbCXv6-の書き換え"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え</h1><ul>
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38 <li>並列信頼研</li>
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39 <li>桃原 優</li>
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40 </ul><hr><h1 id="目次0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#目次0" title="目次0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>目次</h1><ol>
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41 <li><strong>OS の信頼性の保証</strong></li>
17
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42 <li>CbC による Gears OS の開発</li>
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43 <li>Xv6</li>
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44 <li>CbCXv6 での Paging</li>
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45 <li>CbC インターフェース</li>
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46 <li>評価</li>
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47 <li>まとめ</li>
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48 </ol><hr><h1 id="OS-の信頼性の重要性" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性" title="OS-の信頼性の重要性"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>OS の信頼性の重要性</h1><ul>
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49 <li>OS のバグは日常生活に支障をきたす
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50 <ul>
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51 <li>パスワードなしで root にアクセスできるバグ</li>
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52 <li>日付設定でコンピュータが壊れる</li>
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53 <li>-&gt; OS自体に信頼性が求められる</li>
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54 </ul>
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55 </li>
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56 </ul><hr><h1 id="OS-の信頼性の重要性1" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性1" title="OS-の信頼性の重要性1"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>OS の信頼性の重要性</h1><ul>
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57 <li>
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58 <p>全てのOSのコードに対して検証を行うのは困難</p>
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59 <ul>
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60 <li>複雑な機能が多い</li>
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61 <li>短期間のアップデート</li>
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62 </ul>
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63 </li>
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64 <li>
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65 <p>ユーザーが検証を行うこともできない</p>
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66 <ul>
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67 <li>資源管理はOSが行なってる</li>
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68 <li>そもそも資源管理が複雑</li>
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69 <li>アクセスされたり書き換えられるリスク</li>
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70 </ul>
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71 </li>
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72 </ul><hr><h1 id="メタレベルとノーマルレベル" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#メタレベルとノーマルレベル" title="メタレベルとノーマルレベル"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>メタレベルとノーマルレベル</h1><ul>
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73 <li>ノーマルレベル
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74 <ul>
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75 <li>ユーザーがプログラミング言語によって記述する部分の処理</li>
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76 </ul>
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77 </li>
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78 <li>メタレベル
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79 <ul>
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80 <li>ユーザーが記述しないOS 側の処理
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81 <ul>
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82 <li>CPU</li>
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83 <li>メモリ</li>
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84 </ul>
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85 </li>
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86 </ul>
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87 </li>
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88 </ul><hr><h1 id="Continuation-based-C" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Continuation-based-C" title="Continuation-based-C"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Continuation based C</h1><ul>
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89 <li>ノーマルレベルとメタレベルの処理を同じ言語で行えるようにした言語(以下CbC)</li>
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90 <li>Code Gear
17
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91 <ul>
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92 <li>基本的な処理の単位</li>
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93 </ul>
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94 </li>
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95 <li>Data Gear
17
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96 <ul>
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97 <li>データの単位</li>
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98 </ul>
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99 </li>
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100 </ul><hr><h1 id="goto-による継続" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#goto-による継続" title="goto-による継続"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>goto による継続</h1><ul>
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101 <li>Code Gear の処理の間を goto によって遷移していく</li>
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102 </ul><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/etfQund.png" alt=""></p><hr><h1 id="Data-Gear-の継続" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Data-Gear-の継続" title="Data-Gear-の継続"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Gear の継続</h1><ul>
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103 <li>goto の際に Data Gear も継続される</li>
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104 </ul><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/3E0DGWA.png" alt=""></p><hr><h1 id="Meta-Code-Gear" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Meta-Code-Gear" title="Meta-Code-Gear"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Meta Code Gear</h1><ul>
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105 <li>実際にはノーマルレベルの間にメタレベルの処理がある</li>
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106 <li>Meta Level では Data Gear の見え方は変わる(Meta Data Gear)</li>
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107 </ul><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/vy0NxrG.png" alt=""></p><hr><h1 id="状態遷移モデル" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#状態遷移モデル" title="状態遷移モデル"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>状態遷移モデル</h1><ul>
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108 <li>goto の遷移によって状態遷移モデルに落とし込める</li>
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109 <li>Code Gear に対しての入力に対して期待される出力がされているかで検査して<strong>信頼性を保証する</strong></li>
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110 </ul><hr><h1 id="Agda-による検証" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Agda-による検証" title="Agda-による検証"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Agda による検証</h1><ul>
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111 <li>モデル検査
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112 <ul>
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113 <li>定理証明支援系である Agda を用いる。</li>
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114 </ul>
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115 </li>
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116 <li>Agda
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117 <ul>
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118 <li>Haure Logic という検証手法を扱える。</li>
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119 </ul>
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120 </li>
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121 </ul><hr><h1 id="Haure-Logic" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Haure-Logic" title="Haure-Logic"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Haure Logic</h1><ul>
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122 <li>検証手法
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123 <ul>
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124 <li>事前条件を使ってある関数を実行して事後条件を満たすことを確認する</li>
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125 </ul>
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126 </li>
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127 <li>CbCと相性がいい
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128 <ul>
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129 <li>継続に事前条件(Input Data Gear)と事後条件(Output Data Gear)を持たせることができる</li>
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130 </ul>
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131 </li>
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132 </ul><hr><h1 id="Geas-OS" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Geas-OS" title="Geas-OS"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Geas OS</h1><ul>
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133 <li>CbC を使って信頼性の保証と拡張性を持たせる Gears OS の開発を行なっている</li>
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134 <li>Xv6 という OS を参考に書き換えをしている</li>
18
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135 </ul><hr><h1 id="メモリ管理0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#メモリ管理0" title="メモリ管理0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>メモリ管理</h1><ul>
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136 <li>OS の信頼性の1つであるメモリ管理部分を CbC で書き換える
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137 <ul>
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138 <li>Page のバリデーションチェック</li>
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139 <li>サンドボックスによるエクセプション</li>
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140 </ul>
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141 </li>
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142 </ul><hr><h1 id="インターフェース" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#インターフェース" title="インターフェース"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>インターフェース</h1><ul>
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143 <li>書き換えを防ぐために見える Data Gear に違いが生じる</li>
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144 <li>-&gt; Gears OS のノーマルレベルからメタレベルの記述が記述が煩雑になるためインターフェースを導入</li>
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145 <li>機能の入れ替えによる他のメリット
17
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146 <ul>
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147 <li>煩雑な記述の解消</li>
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148 <li>機能の入れ替え</li>
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149 <li>Agda による証明</li>
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150 </ul>
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151 </li>
18
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152 </ul><hr><h1 id="目次0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#目次0" title="目次0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>目次</h1><ol>
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153 <li>OS の信頼性の保証</li>
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154 <li><strong>CbC による Gears OS の開発</strong></li>
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155 <li>Xv6</li>
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156 <li>CbCXv6 での Paging</li>
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157 <li>CbC インターフェース</li>
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158 <li>評価</li>
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159 <li>まとめ</li>
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160 </ol><hr><h1 id="CbC-による-Gears-OS-の開発" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#CbC-による-Gears-OS-の開発" title="CbC-による-Gears-OS-の開発"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>CbC による Gears OS の開発</h1><ul>
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161 <li>a</li>
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162 </ul><hr><h1 id="Context" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Context" title="Context"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Context</h1><ul>
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163 <li>a</li>
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164 </ul><hr><h1 id="目次1" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#目次1" title="目次1"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>目次</h1><ol>
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165 <li>OS の信頼性の保証</li>
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166 <li>CbC による Gears OS の開発</li>
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167 <li><strong>Xv6</strong></li>
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168 <li>CbCXv6 での Paging</li>
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169 <li>CbC インターフェース</li>
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170 <li>評価</li>
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171 <li>まとめ</li>
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172 </ol><hr><h1 id="Xv60" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Xv60" title="Xv60"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Xv6</h1><ul>
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173 <li>MIT の講義用教材として作られたOS
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174 <ul>
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175 <li>企画課される前のCで書かれたUNIX V6 を書き換えた</li>
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176 <li>1万行程の軽量なOS</li>
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177 <li>Linuxだと数千万行</li>
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178 </ul>
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179 </li>
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180 <li>Xv6 を参考に CbC で書き直すことで Gears OS を実装する</li>
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181 </ul><hr><h1 id="カーネル空間" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#カーネル空間" title="カーネル空間"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>カーネル空間</h1><ul>
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182 <li>OS の中核となるプログラムで Meta Level に相当する</li>
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183 <li>Xv6 ではカーネルとユーザープログラムは分離されている</li>
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184 <li>ユーザープログラムはカーネルに直接アクセスできない。
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185 <ul>
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186 <li>書き換えやアクセスを防ぐため</li>
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187 <li>呼び出す場合は system call</li>
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188 </ul>
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189 </li>
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190 </ul><hr><h1 id="カーネルが提供するもの" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#カーネルが提供するもの" title="カーネルが提供するもの"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>カーネルが提供するもの</h1><ul>
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191 <li>プロセス管理</li>
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192 <li>メモリ管理</li>
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193 <li>ファイル管理
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194 <ul>
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195 <li>I/O, read, write</li>
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196 </ul>
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197 </li>
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198 </ul><hr><h1 id="カーネルの保護機構" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#カーネルの保護機構" title="カーネルの保護機構"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>カーネルの保護機構</h1><ul>
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199 <li>CPUのハードウェア保護機構を持っている</li>
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200 <li>ユーザー空間で実行されているプロセスが自身のメモリのみアクセスできるように保護</li>
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201 <li>system call
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202 <ul>
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203 <li>ハードウェアが一時的に特権レベルをあげ、カーネルのプログラムが実行される</li>
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204 </ul>
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205 </li>
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206 </ul><hr><h1 id="system-call0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#system-call0" title="system-call0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>system call</h1><ul>
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207 <li>system call 呼び出し</li>
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208 <li>トラップ の発生</li>
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209 <li>ユーザープログラムの中断</li>
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210 <li>処理がカーネルに切り替わる</li>
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211 </ul><hr><h1 id="system-call" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#system-call" title="system-call"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>system call</h1><ul>
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212 <li>ソースコード載せる</li>
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213 </ul><hr><h1 id="Xv6-rpi" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Xv6-rpi" title="Xv6-rpi"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Xv6-rpi</h1><ul>
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214 <li>Xv6 は Arm のバイナリを出力するので様々なハードウェアで動かすことができる
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215 <ul>
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216 <li>Raspberry Pi</li>
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217 <li>携帯電話</li>
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218 </ul>
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219 </li>
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220 <li>実際にRaspberry Pi で動かすために xv6-rpi を用意して動作しているかコンソールで確認中
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221 <ul>
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222 <li>CbCxv6 とは別</li>
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223 </ul>
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224 </li>
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225 </ul><hr><h1 id="目次0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#目次0" title="目次0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>目次</h1><ol>
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226 <li>OS の信頼性の保証</li>
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227 <li>CbC による Gears OS の開発</li>
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228 <li>Xv6</li>
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229 <li><strong>CbCXv6 での Paging</strong></li>
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230 <li>CbC インターフェース</li>
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231 <li>評価</li>
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232 <li>まとめ</li>
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233 </ol><hr><h1 id="CbCXv6-での-Paging0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#CbCXv6-での-Paging0" title="CbCXv6-での-Paging0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>CbCXv6 での Paging</h1><ul>
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234 <li>OS の信頼性の1つであるメモリ管理部分の書き換えについて説明</li>
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235 </ul><hr><h1 id="実メモリの直接操作" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#実メモリの直接操作" title="実メモリの直接操作"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>実メモリの直接操作</h1><ul>
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236 <li>実メモリを直接扱うと様々な問題が生じる
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237 <ul>
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238 <li>ユーザープログラムで空いているメモリ番地を探す必要</li>
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239 <li>フラグメンテーションが起こる
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240 <ul>
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241 <li>メモリ間に扱うには小さな隙間ができる</li>
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242 </ul>
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243 </li>
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244 </ul>
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245 </li>
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246 </ul><hr><h1 id="Paging0" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Paging0" title="Paging0"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Paging</h1><ul>
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247 <li>メモリ管理の手法</li>
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248 <li>Page と呼ばれる固定長のブロックに分割して、メモリとスワップ領域で Page を入れ替えて管理</li>
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249 <li>仮想メモリとして扱うことでフラグメンテーションの解消と空き番地を探す必要がなくなる</li>
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250 </ul><hr><h1 id="Pagingの図" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Pagingの図" title="Pagingの図"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Pagingの図</h1><ul>
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251 <li>必要?</li>
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252 </ul><hr><h1 id="メタレベルでの-Paging-の操作" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#メタレベルでの-Paging-の操作" title="メタレベルでの-Paging-の操作"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>メタレベルでの Paging の操作</h1><ul>
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253 <li>Page Table に相当するデータを Input Data Gear で受け取って変更した後、Context にある Meta Data Gear に goto で遷移してアクセス</li>
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254 <li>メタレベルで処理することで本来カーネル側の処理である Page Table を操作できる</li>
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255 </ul><hr><h1 id="Paging-の信頼性" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Paging-の信頼性" title="Paging-の信頼性"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Paging の信頼性</h1><ul>
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256 <li>Input Data Gear に対しての Output Data Gear をバリデーションチェックすることで他のプロセスから書き換えられることを防ぐ</li>
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257 <li>サンドボックス
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258 <ul>
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259 <li>他のプロセスから書き換えられた時にエクセプションを飛ばす</li>
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260 </ul>
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261 </li>
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262 </ul><hr><h1 id="Paging-の書き換え" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Paging-の書き換え" title="Paging-の書き換え"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Paging の書き換え</h1><ul>
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263 <li>Xv6 では実メモリから仮想メモリの変換をvm.cで行なっている。</li>
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264 <li>次の章で書き換えについて説明する</li>
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265 </ul><hr><h1 id="目次" style=""><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#目次" title="目次"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>目次</h1><ol>
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266 <li>OS の信頼性の保証</li>
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267 <li>CbC による Gears OS の開発</li>
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268 <li>Xv6</li>
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269 <li>CbCXv6 での Paging**</li>
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270 <li><strong>CbC インターフェース</strong></li>
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271 <li>評価</li>
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272 <li>まとめ</li>
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273 </ol><hr></div>
17
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274 <div class="ui-toc dropup unselectable hidden-print" style="display:none;">
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275 <div class="pull-right dropdown">
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276 <a id="tocLabel" class="ui-toc-label btn btn-default" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Table of content">
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277 <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
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278 </a>
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279 <ul id="ui-toc" class="ui-toc-dropdown dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="tocLabel">
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280 <div class="toc"><ul class="nav">
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281 <li><a href="#CbCインターフェースによる-CbCXv6-の書き換え" title="CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え">CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え</a></li>
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282 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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283 <li><a href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性" title="OS の信頼性の重要性">OS の信頼性の重要性</a></li>
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284 <li><a href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性1" title="OS の信頼性の重要性">OS の信頼性の重要性</a></li>
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285 <li><a href="#メタレベルとノーマルレベル" title="メタレベルとノーマルレベル">メタレベルとノーマルレベル</a></li>
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286 <li><a href="#Continuation-based-C" title="Continuation based C">Continuation based C</a></li>
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287 <li><a href="#goto-による継続" title="goto による継続">goto による継続</a></li>
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288 <li><a href="#Data-Gear-の継続" title="Data Gear の継続">Data Gear の継続</a></li>
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289 <li><a href="#Meta-Code-Gear" title="Meta Code Gear">Meta Code Gear</a></li>
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290 <li><a href="#状態遷移モデル" title="状態遷移モデル">状態遷移モデル</a></li>
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291 <li><a href="#Agda-による検証" title="Agda による検証">Agda による検証</a></li>
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292 <li><a href="#Haure-Logic" title="Haure Logic">Haure Logic</a></li>
18
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293 <li><a href="#Geas-OS" title="Geas OS">Geas OS</a></li>
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294 <li><a href="#メモリ管理0" title="メモリ管理">メモリ管理</a></li>
17
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295 <li><a href="#インターフェース" title="インターフェース">インターフェース</a></li>
18
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296 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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297 <li><a href="#CbC-による-Gears-OS-の開発" title="CbC による Gears OS の開発">CbC による Gears OS の開発</a></li>
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298 <li><a href="#Context" title="Context">Context</a></li>
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299 <li><a href="#目次1" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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300 <li><a href="#Xv60" title="Xv6">Xv6</a></li>
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301 <li><a href="#カーネル空間" title="カーネル空間">カーネル空間</a></li>
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302 <li><a href="#カーネルが提供するもの" title="カーネルが提供するもの">カーネルが提供するもの</a></li>
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303 <li><a href="#カーネルの保護機構" title="カーネルの保護機構">カーネルの保護機構</a></li>
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304 <li><a href="#system-call0" title="system call">system call</a></li>
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305 <li><a href="#system-call" title="system call">system call</a></li>
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306 <li><a href="#Xv6-rpi" title="Xv6-rpi">Xv6-rpi</a></li>
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307 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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308 <li><a href="#CbCXv6-での-Paging0" title="CbCXv6 での Paging">CbCXv6 での Paging</a></li>
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309 <li><a href="#実メモリの直接操作" title="実メモリの直接操作">実メモリの直接操作</a></li>
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310 <li><a href="#Paging0" title="Paging">Paging</a></li>
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311 <li><a href="#Pagingの図" title="Pagingの図">Pagingの図</a></li>
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312 <li><a href="#メタレベルでの-Paging-の操作" title="メタレベルでの Paging の操作">メタレベルでの Paging の操作</a></li>
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313 <li class=""><a href="#Paging-の信頼性" title="Paging の信頼性">Paging の信頼性</a></li>
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314 <li><a href="#Paging-の書き換え" title="Paging の書き換え">Paging の書き換え</a></li>
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315 <li><a href="#目次" title="目次">目次</a></li>
17
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316 </ul>
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317 </div><div class="toc-menu"><a class="expand-toggle" href="#">Expand all</a><a class="back-to-top" href="#">Back to top</a><a class="go-to-bottom" href="#">Go to bottom</a></div>
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318 </ul>
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319 </div>
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320 </div>
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321 <div id="ui-toc-affix" class="ui-affix-toc ui-toc-dropdown unselectable hidden-print" data-spy="affix" style="top:17px;display:none;" null null>
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322 <div class="toc"><ul class="nav">
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323 <li><a href="#CbCインターフェースによる-CbCXv6-の書き換え" title="CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え">CbCインターフェースによる CbCXv6 の書き換え</a></li>
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324 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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325 <li><a href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性" title="OS の信頼性の重要性">OS の信頼性の重要性</a></li>
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326 <li><a href="#OS-の信頼性の重要性1" title="OS の信頼性の重要性">OS の信頼性の重要性</a></li>
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327 <li><a href="#メタレベルとノーマルレベル" title="メタレベルとノーマルレベル">メタレベルとノーマルレベル</a></li>
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328 <li><a href="#Continuation-based-C" title="Continuation based C">Continuation based C</a></li>
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329 <li><a href="#goto-による継続" title="goto による継続">goto による継続</a></li>
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330 <li><a href="#Data-Gear-の継続" title="Data Gear の継続">Data Gear の継続</a></li>
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331 <li><a href="#Meta-Code-Gear" title="Meta Code Gear">Meta Code Gear</a></li>
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332 <li><a href="#状態遷移モデル" title="状態遷移モデル">状態遷移モデル</a></li>
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333 <li><a href="#Agda-による検証" title="Agda による検証">Agda による検証</a></li>
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334 <li><a href="#Haure-Logic" title="Haure Logic">Haure Logic</a></li>
18
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335 <li><a href="#Geas-OS" title="Geas OS">Geas OS</a></li>
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336 <li><a href="#メモリ管理0" title="メモリ管理">メモリ管理</a></li>
17
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337 <li><a href="#インターフェース" title="インターフェース">インターフェース</a></li>
18
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338 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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339 <li><a href="#CbC-による-Gears-OS-の開発" title="CbC による Gears OS の開発">CbC による Gears OS の開発</a></li>
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340 <li><a href="#Context" title="Context">Context</a></li>
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341 <li><a href="#目次1" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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342 <li><a href="#Xv60" title="Xv6">Xv6</a></li>
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343 <li><a href="#カーネル空間" title="カーネル空間">カーネル空間</a></li>
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344 <li><a href="#カーネルが提供するもの" title="カーネルが提供するもの">カーネルが提供するもの</a></li>
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345 <li><a href="#カーネルの保護機構" title="カーネルの保護機構">カーネルの保護機構</a></li>
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346 <li><a href="#system-call0" title="system call">system call</a></li>
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347 <li><a href="#system-call" title="system call">system call</a></li>
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348 <li><a href="#Xv6-rpi" title="Xv6-rpi">Xv6-rpi</a></li>
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349 <li><a href="#目次0" title="目次">目次</a></li>
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350 <li><a href="#CbCXv6-での-Paging0" title="CbCXv6 での Paging">CbCXv6 での Paging</a></li>
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351 <li><a href="#実メモリの直接操作" title="実メモリの直接操作">実メモリの直接操作</a></li>
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352 <li><a href="#Paging0" title="Paging">Paging</a></li>
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353 <li><a href="#Pagingの図" title="Pagingの図">Pagingの図</a></li>
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354 <li><a href="#メタレベルでの-Paging-の操作" title="メタレベルでの Paging の操作">メタレベルでの Paging の操作</a></li>
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355 <li class=""><a href="#Paging-の信頼性" title="Paging の信頼性">Paging の信頼性</a></li>
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356 <li><a href="#Paging-の書き換え" title="Paging の書き換え">Paging の書き換え</a></li>
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357 <li><a href="#目次" title="目次">目次</a></li>
17
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358 </ul>
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359 </div><div class="toc-menu"><a class="expand-toggle" href="#">Expand all</a><a class="back-to-top" href="#">Back to top</a><a class="go-to-bottom" href="#">Go to bottom</a></div>
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360 </div>
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361 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-hVVnYaiADRTO2PzUGmuLJr8BLUSjGIZsDYGmIJLv2b8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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362 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-U5ZEeKfGNOja007MMD3YBI0A3OSZOQbeG6z2f2Y0hu8=" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>
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363 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gist-embed/2.6.0/gist-embed.min.js" integrity="sha256-KyF2D6xPIJUW5sUDSs93vWyZm+1RzIpKCexxElmxl8g=" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>
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364 <script>
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365 var markdown = $(".markdown-body");
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366 //smooth all hash trigger scrolling
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367 function smoothHashScroll() {
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368 var hashElements = $("a[href^='#']").toArray();
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369 for (var i = 0; i < hashElements.length; i++) {
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370 var element = hashElements[i];
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371 var $element = $(element);
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372 var hash = element.hash;
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373 if (hash) {
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374 $element.on('click', function (e) {
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375 // store hash
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376 var hash = this.hash;
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377 if ($(hash).length <= 0) return;
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378 // prevent default anchor click behavior
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379 e.preventDefault();
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380 // animate
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381 $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({
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382 scrollTop: $(hash).offset().top
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383 }, 100, "linear", function () {
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384 // when done, add hash to url
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385 // (default click behaviour)
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386 window.location.hash = hash;
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387 });
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388 });
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389 }
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390 }
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391 }
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392
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393 smoothHashScroll();
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394 var toc = $('.ui-toc');
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395 var tocAffix = $('.ui-affix-toc');
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396 var tocDropdown = $('.ui-toc-dropdown');
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397 //toc
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398 tocDropdown.click(function (e) {
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399 e.stopPropagation();
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400 });
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401
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402 var enoughForAffixToc = true;
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403
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404 function generateScrollspy() {
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405 $(document.body).scrollspy({
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406 target: ''
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407 });
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408 $(document.body).scrollspy('refresh');
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409 if (enoughForAffixToc) {
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410 toc.hide();
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411 tocAffix.show();
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412 } else {
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413 tocAffix.hide();
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414 toc.show();
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415 }
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416 $(document.body).scroll();
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417 }
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418
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419 function windowResize() {
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420 //toc right
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421 var paddingRight = parseFloat(markdown.css('padding-right'));
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422 var right = ($(window).width() - (markdown.offset().left + markdown.outerWidth() - paddingRight));
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423 toc.css('right', right + 'px');
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424 //affix toc left
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425 var newbool;
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426 var rightMargin = (markdown.parent().outerWidth() - markdown.outerWidth()) / 2;
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427 //for ipad or wider device
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428 if (rightMargin >= 133) {
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429 newbool = true;
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430 var affixLeftMargin = (tocAffix.outerWidth() - tocAffix.width()) / 2;
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431 var left = markdown.offset().left + markdown.outerWidth() - affixLeftMargin;
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432 tocAffix.css('left', left + 'px');
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433 } else {
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434 newbool = false;
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435 }
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436 if (newbool != enoughForAffixToc) {
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437 enoughForAffixToc = newbool;
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438 generateScrollspy();
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439 }
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440 }
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441 $(window).resize(function () {
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442 windowResize();
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443 });
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444 $(document).ready(function () {
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445 windowResize();
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446 generateScrollspy();
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447 });
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448
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449 //remove hash
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450 function removeHash() {
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451 window.location.hash = '';
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452 }
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453
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454 var backtotop = $('.back-to-top');
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455 var gotobottom = $('.go-to-bottom');
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456
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457 backtotop.click(function (e) {
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458 e.preventDefault();
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459 e.stopPropagation();
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parents:
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460 if (scrollToTop)
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461 scrollToTop();
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462 removeHash();
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463 });
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464 gotobottom.click(function (e) {
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465 e.preventDefault();
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466 e.stopPropagation();
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467 if (scrollToBottom)
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468 scrollToBottom();
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parents:
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469 removeHash();
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470 });
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471
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472 var toggle = $('.expand-toggle');
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473 var tocExpand = false;
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474
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475 checkExpandToggle();
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476 toggle.click(function (e) {
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477 e.preventDefault();
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478 e.stopPropagation();
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479 tocExpand = !tocExpand;
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480 checkExpandToggle();
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481 })
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482
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483 function checkExpandToggle () {
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484 var toc = $('.ui-toc-dropdown .toc');
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parents:
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485 var toggle = $('.expand-toggle');
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parents:
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486 if (!tocExpand) {
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487 toc.removeClass('expand');
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488 toggle.text('Expand all');
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489 } else {
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490 toc.addClass('expand');
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parents:
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491 toggle.text('Collapse all');
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492 }
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493 }
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parents:
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494
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495 function scrollToTop() {
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496 $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({
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497 scrollTop: 0
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parents:
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498 }, 100, "linear");
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parents:
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499 }
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parents:
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500
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parents:
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501 function scrollToBottom() {
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parents:
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502 $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({
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parents:
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503 scrollTop: $(document.body)[0].scrollHeight
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parents:
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504 }, 100, "linear");
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505 }
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506 </script>
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507 </body>
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parents:
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508
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509 </html>