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author Ken Miyahira <e175733@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Sat, 13 Feb 2021 01:07:24 +0900
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2 marp: false
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3 title: コンテナ技術を用いた教育情報システムの構築
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4 paginate: true
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6 theme: default
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7 size: 16:9
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8 style: |
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9 section {
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10 background-color: #FFFFFF;
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11 font-size: 28px;
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12 color: #4b4b4b;
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13 font-family: "Arial", "Hiragino Maru Gothic ProN";
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14 }
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16 section.title {
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18 padding: 40px;
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19 }
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20 section.title h1 {
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21 text-align: center;
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22 }
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24 section.slide h1 {
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25 position: absolute;
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26 left: 50px; top: 35px;
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27 }
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29 ---
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30 <!-- class: title -->
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31 # <!--fit--> コンテナ技術を用いた教育情報システムの構築
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32
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33 - 宮平 賢
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34 - 琉球大学工学部工学科知能情報コース
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35 - 河野 真治
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36 - 琉球大学工学部
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38 ---
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39 <!-- class: slide -->
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40 # 研究目的
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42 - 情報通信技術の普及に伴い学ぶことが増えている
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43 - その学習環境として、Virtual MachineやContainerがある
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44 - 実行には高性能なPCが必要な場合がある
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45 - クラウドサービスもあるが、無料だと制限がある
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46 - 学生の学習環境として、コストを支払う必要のない環境を提供したい
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47 - 今年度はシステム更新があり、新しくSSDとGPUが搭載される
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48 - リソースを最大限利用できる教育情報システムが必要となる
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50 ---
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51 <!-- class: slide -->
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52 # これまでの学生向け学習環境
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53
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54 - VM貸出サービス
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55 - Akatsuki
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56 - 申請を行い、Webコントロールパネルから作成
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57 - ie-virsh
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58 - 手元のPCで作成したVMイメージのデプロイ
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59
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60 - VM貸出サービスのデフォルトスペック
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61 - CPU 1コア
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62 - メモリ 1GB
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63 - ディスク容量 10GB
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64
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65 ---
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66 # これまでの学習環境の問題点
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67
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68 - VM貸出サービスの一部学生は申請の方法が分からなかったり、貸出サービスがあることが周知されていなかったため、旧システムのリソースが余っていた
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69
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70 </br>
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71
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72 - VMのスペックの変更にはシステム管理チームへの申請が必要であり、利用者と管理者とのやり取りなどの手間があった
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73
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74 </br>
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75
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76 - 旧システムにはGPUが搭載されていないため、貸出サービスではなく研究室ごとの機器、クラウドサービスが多く利用された
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77
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78 ---
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79 <!-- class: title -->
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80 # 教育情報システムの構築
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81
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82 ---
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83 <!-- class: slide -->
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84 # 教育情報システムの要件
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85
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86 - マルチユーザに対応
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87 - 本コースの学生、教員に対応する必要がある
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88 - 学生がサーバのリソースを利用できる環境
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89 - 手間が少なく利用できる環境
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90 - 信頼性の高いファイルシステム
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91
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92 <!-- ---
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93 # オンプレミス環境
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94
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95 - 汎用サーバ x 4
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96 - ディスクサーバ x 2
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97
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98 | | |
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99 | :---: | :---: |
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100 | CPU | Intel Xeon Gold 6238 (2.10GHz/22Core) |
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101 | GPU | Nvidia Tesla V100S |
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102 | メモリ | 512GB |
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103 | SAS SSD | 5TB |
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104 | NVMe SSD | 1.5TB |
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105 -->
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106 ---
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107 # VM貸出サービスの移行
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108
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109 - VM貸出サービスを継続するため、KVMを導入する
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110 - VMからGPUの利用にはPCIパススルーの設定が必要となる
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111 - しかし、VM1つに対し、1つのGPUが必要になる
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112 - 希望する学生全員に割り当てができない
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113
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114 </br>
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115
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116 - そこで、コンテナ環境を導入する
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117 - 1つのGPUを複数のコンテナから利用できる
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118
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119 ---
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120 # コンテナ環境の導入
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121
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122 - マルチユーザで利用できるPodman、Singularityを導入する
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123 - Podman
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124 - rootlessで利用できる
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125 - nvidia-dockerの設定を行えばGPUを利用できる
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126 - Singularity
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127 - rootlessで利用できる
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128 - GPUの利用が容易
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129 - GPUドライバーのインストールのみ
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130
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131 ---
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132 # コンテナエンジンの補い
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133
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134 - Podman
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135 - イメージの作成やコンテナの作成が遅い
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136 - rootlessでは実行できない機能がある
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137 - IPアドレスの割り当て
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138 - Singularity
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139 - イメージの作成に時間がかかる
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140 - ビルド中にエラーが発生すると、一から再開する必要がある
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141
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142 - そこでPodmanのwrapperであるie-podmanを作成した
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143
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144 ---
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145 # ie-podmanの作成
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146
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147 - ユーザのUID、GIDを取得し管理を行う
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148 - 他のユーザのリソースを操作できない
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149 - SSD上にイメージ等を保存し、高速を図る
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150
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151 ---
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152 # ie-podmanの機能 1/2
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153
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154 - Podmanのすべての機能をwrappするのではなく、一部機能のみを提供する
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155
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156 | コマンド | 機能 |
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157 | --- | --- |
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158 | build| Containerfileの指示に従いイメージを作成する |
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159 | cp | コンテナにファイルを送信する |
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160 | exec | 起動中のコンテナでプロセスを実行する |
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161 | images | コンテナイメージの一覧を表示する |
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162 | info | コンテナの情報を表示する |
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163 | logs | コンテナのlogを表示する |
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164 | ps | 起動中のコンテナの一覧を表示する |
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165
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166 ---
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167 # ie-podmanの機能 2/2
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168
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169 - registryやsifなど独自機能を提供する
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170
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171 | コマンド | 機能 |
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172 | --- | --- |
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173 | registry | 学科のレジストリの操作を行う |
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174 | rm | コンテナを削除する |
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175 | run | コンテナを作成する |
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176 | sif | イメージをsifファイルに変換する |
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177 | start | コンテナを起動する |
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178 | stop | コンテナを停止する |
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179
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180 ---
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181 # ジョブスケジューラの導入
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182
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183 - 多くのリソースを必要とするプログラムは管理が必要である
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184 - 4台のサーバのリソースを利用できるようにする必要がある
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185 - そこで、ジョブスケジューラのSlurmを採用する
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186 - フォールトトレラントで拡張性が高い
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187
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188 ---
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189 # ジョブスケジューラの構築
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190
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191 利用方針 **「計算リソースの利用効率を上げる」**
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192 - Jobの優先順位
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193 - 要求するリソースの少ないJobの優先度を高くする
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194 - 実行時間が短いJobの優先度を高くする
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195 - これまでのJobの実行履歴で優先度は変化しない
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196
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197 これでは多くのリソースを要求するJobが実行されない可能性がある。
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198 - Jobの実行時間
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199 - Jobの実行時間の記載がない場合は**1日で強制終了**させる
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200 - 管理者からJobの優先度を上げる
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201
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202 また、Jobのスケジュールにはバックフィルを採用する。
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203
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204 ---
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205
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206 ![](images/backfill.png)
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207
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208 ---
47
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209 # ファイルシステムの導入
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210
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211 - Cephを採用
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212 - 自己修復、自己管理機能を搭載するため信頼性が高い
46
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213 - 柔軟なアクセス方法の提供
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214 - Object Gateway
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215 - ブロックデバイス
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216 - POSIX互換のファイルシステム
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217
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218 ---
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219 # 教育情報システムの構成
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220
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221 - 汎用サーバ全てにKVM、Podman、Singularityをインストール
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222 - Slurm
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223 - 汎用サーバ1台をコントローラ/計算ノード
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224 - 残りを計算ノード
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225 - Ceph
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226 - ディスクサーバをOSD
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227 - 汎用サーバ3台をMON, MDS, MGR
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228
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229 ---
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230
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231 ![bg 80%](images/system.png)
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232
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233 ---
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234 <!-- class: title -->
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235 # 教育情報システムの利用と管理
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236
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237 ---
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238 <!-- class: slide -->
47
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239 # VM貸出サービスの利用
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240
48
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241 - VMの作成、スペックの変更で申請が必要なくなった
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242 - VMの作成
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243 - `ie-virsh define --template Ubuntu-20 VM_NAME`
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244 - スペックの変更
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245 - `ie-virsh edit VM_NAME`
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246
46
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247 ---
48
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248 # ie-podmanの使用方法
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249
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250 - PodmanはDockerと同じCLIを提供している
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251 - IPアドレス、GPUをコンテナへ割り当てられる
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252 - `ie-podman run --ip --gpu [IMAGE_NAME]`
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253 - 作成したイメージをsifファイルへの変換に対応
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254 - `ie-podman sif [IMAGE_NAME]`
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255
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256 ---
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257 # GPUの利用方法
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258
48
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259 - Singularityでは容易にGPUを利用できる
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260 - `singularity run --nv [SIF_NAME]`
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261 - ホームディレクトリ、/tmpなどがコンテナにマウントされる
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262 - プログラムの実行に便利
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263 - SlurmによるJob管理
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264 - 必要なリソースを記述し投下する
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265 - CPU数、GPU数
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266
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267 ---
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268 # batchファイルの例
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269
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270 - Jobに必要とするリソース
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271 - CPU 8コア、GPU 1つ
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272 - Jobの実行時間
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273 - 1分
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274
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275 ```bash
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276 #!/bin/bash
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277 #SBATCH --job-name sample
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278 #SBATCH --output logs/%x-%j.log
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279 #SBATCH --error logs/%x-%j.err
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280 #SBATCH --nodes 1
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281 #SBATCH --cpus-per-task 8
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282 #SBATCH --gpus tesla:1
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283 #SBATCH --time 01:00
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284
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285 singularity exec --nv [SIF_NAME] [COMMANDS]
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286 ```
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287
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288 ---
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289 <!-- class: title -->
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290 # 教育情報システムの評価
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291
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292 ---
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293 <!-- class: slide -->
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294 # ファイルシステムの評価 1/2
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295
48
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296 - 実験概要
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297 - `dd`コマンドを使用し書き込み速度を比較する
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298
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299 - 書き込み速度の比較
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300 - GFS2
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301 - NFS
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302 - CephFS
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303 - CephRBD
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304
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305 ---
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306 # ファイルシステムの評価 2/2
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307
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308 ![bg 70%](images/fswrite.png)
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309
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310 ---
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311 # ie-podmanの評価 1/3
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312
48
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313 - 実験環境
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314 - 新システムの汎用サーバで実施
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315
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316 - 実験概要
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317 - イメージのBuild速度を比較する
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318
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319 ```Dockerfile
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320 FROM ubuntu:20.04
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321 RUN apt-get update && \
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322 apt-get upgrade -y
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323 ```
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324
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325 - Build速度の比較
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326 - Docker
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327 - Podman (rootless)
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328 - ie-podman
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329
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330 ---
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331 # ie-podmanの評価 2/3
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332
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333 ![bg 70%](images/container2.png)
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334
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335 ---
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336 # ie-podmanの評価 3/3
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337
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338 - Rootlessは`syscall`が複数呼ばれている
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339 - そのため、イメージの作成が遅いのではないか
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340 - 左がrootless、右がrootfull
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341
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342 ![height:325](images/syscall.png)
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343
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344 ---
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345 # 学習環境の評価
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346
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347 - VM
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348 - 学生が自由にスペックを変更できる
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349 - ディスク容量を抑えれる
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350 - コンテナ
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351 - 気軽に利用できる
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352 - 高性能な実況環境を利用できる
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353
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354 ---
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355 <!-- class: title -->
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356 # まとめ
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357
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358 ---
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359 <!-- class: slide -->
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360 # 今後の課題
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361
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362 - 教育情報システムの周知
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363 - Jobの投下やリソースの要求方法
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364 - ie-virsh、ie-podmanの使用方法
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365 - 定期的な周知が必要
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366 - ie-podmanのネットワーク構成の見直し
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367 - プレフィックス長が24のため、最大254個のIPアドレス
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368 - コンテナを停止で使用されない場合は削除する必要がある
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369 - バックアップの運用
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370 - Cephと専用サーバ以外のバックアップ先を用意する必要がある