annotate presen/presen.html @ 15:ada468ecbba5

fix
author Yutaka_Kinjyo
date Sun, 12 Sep 2010 11:58:16 +0900
parents ca231fdd013c
children 414eb904c1ba
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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3
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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5 <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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6
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7 <head>
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8 <title>発表資料</title>
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9 <!-- metadata -->
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10 <meta name="generator" content="S5" />
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11 <meta name="version" content="S5 1.1" />
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12 <meta name="presdate" content="20050728" />
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13 <meta name="author" content="Eric A. Meyer" />
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14 <meta name="company" content="Complex Spiral Consulting" />
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15 <!-- configuration parameters -->
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16 <meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow" />
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17 <meta name="controlVis" content="hidden" />
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18 <!-- style sheet links -->
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19 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/slides.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="slideProj" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/outline.css" type="text/css" media="screen" id="outlineStyle" />
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21 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" id="slidePrint" />
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22 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/opera.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="operaFix" />
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23 <!-- S5 JS -->
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24 <script src="ui/default/slides.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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25
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26 <style type="text/css">
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27 body {
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28 font-size: 100%;
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29 }
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30 p.ex10 { font-size: 2.0em; }
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31 p.ex9 { font-size: 1.9em; }
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32 p.ex8 { font-size: 1.8em; }
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33 p.ex7 { font-size: 1.7em; }
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34 p.ex6 { font-size: 1.6em; }
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35 p.ex5 { font-size: 1.5em; }
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36 p.ex4 { font-size: 1.4em; }
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37 p.ex3 { font-size: 1.3em; }
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38 p.ex2 { font-size: 1.2em; }
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39 p.ex1 { font-size: 1.1em; }
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40 p.ex0 { font-size: 1.0em; }
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41 p.ex05 { font-size: 0.5em; }
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42
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43 span.classifier {
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44 font-family: sans-serif ;
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45 font-style: oblique }
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46
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47 span.classifier-delimiter {
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48 font-family: sans-serif ;
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49 font-weight: bold }
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50
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51 span.interpreted {
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52 font-family: sans-serif }
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53
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54 span.option {
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55 white-space: nowrap }
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56
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57 span.pre {
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58 white-space: pre }
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59
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60 span.problematic {
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61 color: red }
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62
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63 span.section-subtitle {
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64 /* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
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65 font-size: 80% }
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66
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67 </style>
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68 </head>
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69
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70
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71 <body>
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72
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73 <div class="layout">
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74 <div id="controls"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div>
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75 <div id="currentSlide"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div>
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76 <div id="header"></div>
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77 <div id="footer">
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78 <!--<h1>Cell上のソフトウェアレンダリングの高速化と高機能化</h1>
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79 <h2>琉球大学工学部情報工学科並列信頼研</h2>-->
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80 </div>
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81
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82 </div>
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83
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84 <div class="presentation">
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85
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86 <div class="slide">
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87
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88 <h1>Fine grain Task Manager Cerium のチューニング</h1>
14
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89 <h3>金城裕</h3>
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90 <h4>琉球大学大学院理工学研究科情報工学専攻並列信頼研</h4>
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91 </div>
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92
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93
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94 <div class="slide">
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95 <h1>研究目的 と 背景</h1>
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96 <p class="ex1">
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97 現在 Cell/PS3またはMac OS X上で動作するOpen CL 的なFine Grain Task Manager である Cerium Task Manager を開発中である。
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98 </p>
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99 <ul>
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100 <li>
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101 ソフトウェアレンダリングエンジンとWord countを例題として、Task Manager の実装時の問題を洗い出している。
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102 </li>
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103 <br>
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104 <li>メインメモリ上の Task を各 Core が受け取る際や、その終了を通知する際に待ち時間が生じる。</li>
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105 </ul>
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106
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107 <p><font color="red">本研究ではその待ち時間を削減するTask arrayを提案し実装した。その効果について報告する</font></p>
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108
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109 </div>
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110
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111
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112 <div class="slide">
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113 <h1>発表の流れ</h1>
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114
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115 <ul>
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116 <li>Cellとは</li>
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117 <li>Ceriumとは</li>
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118 <li>CeriumにおけるTask</li>
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119 <li>TaskArray</li>
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120 <ul>
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121 <li>WordCountのTaskArray化</li>
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122 <li>レンダリングエンジンのTaskArray化</li>
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123 </ul>
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124 <li>結果</li>
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125 <li>まとめ</li>
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126 </ul>
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127
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128 </div>
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129
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130 <div class="slide">
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131 <h1>Cellとは</h1>
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132
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133 <big>Cell(Cell Broadband Engine)</big>とはソニー、東芝、IBM社の3社が共同開発したマイクロプロセッサ<br>
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134 Cellは1基の制御系のプロセッサコア<u>PPE</u>と、8基の演算系プロセッサコア<u>SPE</u>
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135 で構成される(Ceriumで扱えるSPEの数は6基)。
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136
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137 <!-- PPEよりもSPEが高速なので、1SPE 上で実行するだけでも意味がある。-->
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138 <!-- それぞれ高速なバスで接続されている<br><br> -->
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139
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140 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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141 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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142 <img src="gazo/cell1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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143 </table>
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144
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145 </div>
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146
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147
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148 <div class="slide">
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149 <h1>Ceriumとは</h1>
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150
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151 <big>Cerium</big>とは、当研究室で開発したPS3/Cell、Mac OS X、Linux 上で動作するゲームフレームワーク。
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152 以下の3つの要素から構成されている。
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153
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154 <ul>
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155 <li>TaskManager</li>
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156 <li>レンダリングエンジン</li>
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157 <li>SceneGraph</li>
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158 </ul>
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159
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160 </div>
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161
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162 <div class="slide">
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163 <h1>Ceriumとは</h1>
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164
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165 <big>Cerium</big>とは、当研究室で開発したPS3/Cell、Mac OS X、Linux 上で動作するゲームフレームワーク。
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166 以下の3つの要素から構成されている。
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167
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168 <ul>
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169 <li><font color="red">TaskManager</font></li>
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170 <li>レンダリングエンジン</li>
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171 <li>SceneGraph</li>
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172 </ul>
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173
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174 </div>
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175
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176 <div class="slide">
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177 <h1>TaskManager</h1>
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178
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179 <ul>
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180 <li>TaskManagerは、Taskと呼ばれる、分割された各プログラムを管理する</li>
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181 <ul>
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182 <li>Taskの単位はサブルーチン</li>
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183 </ul>
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184 <li>Task同士の依存関係を考慮</li>
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185 <li>実行可能になったTaskをSPEに渡す</li>
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186 </ul>
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187
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188 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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189 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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190 <img src="gazo/taskmanager1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
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191 </table>
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192
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193 </div>
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194
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195 <div class="slide">
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196 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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197
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198 TaskはTaskManagerを使って生成する。Taskを生成する際に以下のような要素が
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199 設定可能である。
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200
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201 <ul>
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202 <li>Input data</li>
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203 <li>Output data</li>
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204 <li>Paramater</li>
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205 <li>CPU type</li>
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206 <li>Dependency</li>
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207 </ul>
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208
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209 </div>
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210
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211 <!-- <div class="slide"> -->
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212 <!-- <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1> -->
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213 <!-- <big><u>Input data</u></big> -->
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214 <!-- <ul> -->
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215 <!-- <li>Input data にはTaskの処理対象データのアドレスとサイズを指定する。</li> -->
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216 <!-- <li>SPE側でそのアドレスをもとにDMA転送を用いて実際のデータをメインメモリから取得する。</li> -->
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217 <!-- </ul> -->
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218
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219 <!-- <big><u>Output data</u></big> -->
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220 <!-- <ul> -->
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221 <!-- <li>Onput data にはTaskが処理したデータの書き出し先アドレスとサイズを指定する。</li> -->
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222 <!-- <li>SPE側でそのアドレスをもとにDMA転送を用いて実際のデータをメインメモリに書き出す。</li> -->
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223 <!-- </ul> -->
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224
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225 <!-- </div> -->
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226
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227 <!-- <div class="slide"> -->
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228 <!-- <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1> -->
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229 <!-- <big><u>Paramater</u></big><br> -->
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230 <!-- <ul> -->
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231 <!-- <li>Input data とは別にデータを与えたい場合に使用する。</li> -->
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232 <!-- <li>32bitの値を指定する。</li> -->
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233 <!-- </ul> -->
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234
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235 <!-- <big><u>CPU type</u></big> -->
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236 <!-- <ul> -->
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237 <!-- <li>TaskがどのCoreで実行されるかを指定する。</li> -->
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238 <!-- <li>PPEもしくは、6基のSPEのいづれかを選択できる。</li> -->
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239 <!-- </ul> -->
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240
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241 <!-- </div> -->
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242
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243 <div class="slide">
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244 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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245 <big><u>Dependency</u></big><br>
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246 <ul>
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247 <li>Dependencyは他のTaskとの依存関係を示す。</li>
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248 <li>例えばTaskAがTaskBをwaitする場合、TaskBが実行完了すると、TaskAが実行可能になる。</li>
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249 <li>Taskの実行完了は、SPEのMail送信ボックスにデータが書き込まれ通知される。</li>
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250 </ul>
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251
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252 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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253 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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254 <img src="gazo/dependency1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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255 </table>
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256
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257 </div>
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258
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259
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260 <div class="slide">
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261 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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262 <big><u>Mail機能</u></big><br>
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263 <ul>
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264 <li>Cellの機能の1つ</li>
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265 <li>32bitのメッセージをPPE,SPE間でやりとりできる</li>
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266 <li>送信ボックス、受信ボックスがSPEに設けられている。</li>
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267 <li>それぞれMailボックスはキューになっている</li>
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268 <li>受信ボックスのサイズは4</li>
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269 <li>送信ボックスのサイズは1</li>
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270 </ul>
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271
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272 </div>
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273
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274 <div class="slide">
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275 <h1>CeriumにおけるTask</h1>
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276 <big><u>Mail機能</u></big><br>
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277 <ul>
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278 <li>送信ボックスのデータはPPEから、受信ボックスのデータはSPEから呼び出される</li>
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279 <li>書き込みはその逆</li>
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280 </ul>
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281
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282 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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283 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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284 <img src="gazo/mail.png" style="width: 60%%"></td></tr>
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285 </table>
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286
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287 </div>
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288
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289
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290 <div class="slide">
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291 <h1>Taskの送信</h1>
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292
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293 <ul>
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294 <li>Taskは1つ毎にSPEには送らない</li>
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295 <li>いくつかのTaskをまとめTaskListとして送る</li>
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296 <li>TaskListをすべて完了すると、SPEからPPEへのMailが書き込まれる</li>
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297 <li>PPE側がMailをチェックし次のTaskListをMailで通知する</li>
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298 </ul>
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299
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300 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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301 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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302 <img src="gazo/tasklist1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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303 </table>
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304
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305 </div>
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306
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307 <div class="slide">
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308 <h1>SPEの待ち時間</h1>
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309
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310 SPEはデータの転送とMailの読み込み、書き込みの際に待ち時間が生じることがある。
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311
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312
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313 <ul>
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314
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315 <li>
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316 送信Mailボックスに書き込もうとしたとき、
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317 ボックスがいっぱいの場合は、PPEから呼び出されるまでSPEは待ち続ける
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318 </li>
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319
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320 <li>
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321 TaskManagerでは、受信ボックスがいっぱいになることはない。
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322 </li>
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323
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324 <li>PPEでMailのチェック、返信があるまで、SPEは止まってしまう</li>
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325 <li>SPEの待ち時間が増えると、処理速度の低下につながる</li>
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326
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327 </ul>
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328
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329 </div>
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330
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331 <div class="slide">
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332 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
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333
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334 <font color="red">SPEのMailの待ち時間を解消するためにTaskArrayを提案、実装した</font>
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335
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336 <ul>
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337 <li>TaskArrayは複数のTaskを1つにまとめることができる</li>
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338 <li>Task毎のMail通知がTaskArray毎のMail通知になる</li>
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339 <li>依存関係のグルーピングができる</li>
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340 </ul>
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341 <br>
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342 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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343 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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344 <img src="gazo/taskarray1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
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345 </table>
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346
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347 </div>
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348
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349 <div class="slide">
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350 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
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351
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352 期待される効果
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353
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354 <ul>
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355 <li>Mailの数が減り、SPEのMail待ちのタイミングが減る</li>
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356 <li>Mail待ちが減るので、SPEの稼働率が向上する</li>
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357 <li>また、PPE側のMailチェックの時間も減る</li>
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358 <li>結果、処理速度が向上する</li>
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359 </ul>
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360 <br>
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361 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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362 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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363 <img src="gazo/taskarray1.png" style="width: 50%%"></td></tr>
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364 </table>
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365
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366 </div>
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367
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368 <div class="slide">
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369 <h1>TaskArray</h1>
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370
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371 <font color="red">レンダリングエンジンのTaskと、WordCountのTaskの一部をTaskArray化した。
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372 その結果を報告する</font><br><br>
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373
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374 レンダリングエンジンのTask内容
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375
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376 <ul>
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377 <li>CreatePolygonTask</li>
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378 <ul>
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379 <li>Polygonを生成する</li>
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380 </ul>
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381 <li>CreateSpanTask</li>
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382 <ul>
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383 <li>Polygonを水平な線(Span)に分割する</li>
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384 </ul>
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385 <li>DrawSpanTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
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386 <ul>
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387 <li>Spanを描画する</li>
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diff changeset
388 </ul>
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diff changeset
389 </ul>
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diff changeset
390
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391
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diff changeset
392 </div>
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393
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394 <div class="slide">
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395 <h1>レンダリングエンジン</h1>
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396
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397 DrawSpanTask : Taskの数が多いDrawSpanTaskをTaskArray化した。地球と月を表示する
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diff changeset
398 例題を対象に計測した。<br><br>
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399
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400 計測条件
12
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401
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402 <ul>
14
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403 <li>FPS : 一秒間に表示するFrame数</li>
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404 <li>dma wait : dma転送の待ち時間の割合</li>
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405 <li>mail wait : mailの待ち時間の割合</li>
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406 <li>TaskArrayの適応の有無を比較</li>
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407 <li>TaskArrayのサイズは8</li>
10
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408
12
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409 </ul>
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410
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411 </div>
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412
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413 <div class="slide">
14
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414 <h1>レンダリングエンジン</h1>
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415
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416 <table border="3" style="width:100%;">
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417 <tr>
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418 <th></th>
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419 <th>Task</th>
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420 <th>TaskArray</th>
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421 </tr>
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422 <tr>
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423 <th>FPS</th>
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424 <td align="center">3.94</td>
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425 <td align="center">4.32</td>
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426
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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427 </tr>
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428 <tr>
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429 <th>dma wait</th>
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430 <td align="center">0.06%</td>
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431 <td align="center">0.07%</td>
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432
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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433 </tr>
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434 <tr>
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435 <th>mail wait</th>
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436 <td align="center">55%</td>
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437 <td align="center">42%(<font color="red">-13%</font>)</td>
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438 </tr>
10
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439
14
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440 <caption>レンダリングエンジンの比較</caption>
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441
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442 </table><br>
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443
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444 <ul>
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445 <li>mail wait 割合が減少し、それに伴ってFPSも増加</li>
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446 <li>レンダリングエンジンの場合、PPE側で実行するTaskがある</li>
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447 <li>PPEのMailチェックがおくれることがあるので、Mailを減らすことは効果がある</li>
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diff changeset
448 </ul>
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449
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450 </div>
13
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451
14
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452 <div class="slide">
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453 <h1>レンダリングエンジン</h1>
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454
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455 今後のMail待ち時間削減の改善点
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diff changeset
456
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457 <ul>
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458 <li>PPE側のTaskをSPEに任せ、PPEの負担をへらす</li>
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459 <li>別スレッドでMailを監視する</li>
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460 <li>他のTaskもTaskArray化する</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
461 </ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
462
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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463 </div>
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464
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diff changeset
465 <div class="slide">
15
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466
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467 WordCountのTask内容
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468
13
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469 <ul>
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470 <li>WordCountTask(<font color="red">TaskArray化</font>)</li>
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471 <ul>
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472 <li>Input data であたえられたデータをwcし、output data に書き出す</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
473 </ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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474
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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475 <li>PrintTask</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
476 <ul>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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477 <li>各SPEから書き出されたwcデータを集計し、出力する</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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478 <li>dependency に WordCountTaskを設定</li>
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
479 </ul>
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480
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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481 </ul>
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482
14
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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483 </ul>
13
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
484 </div>
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485
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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diff changeset
486 <div class="slide">
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487 <h1>WordCount</h1>
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488
12
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489 <ul>
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490 <li>wcするfileをマッピングし、Taskに割り振る</li>
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491 <li>WordCountTaskの終了をまって、PrintTaskが実行される</li>
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492 </ul>
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493
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494 <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0">
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495 <tr><td align="center" valign="middle">
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496 <img src="gazo/wc_graf1.png" style="width: 40%%"></td></tr>
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497 </table>
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498
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499 </div>
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500
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501 <div class="slide">
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502 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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503
13
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504 計測条件
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505
12
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506 <ul>
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507 <li>TaskArrayのサイズは64</li>
13
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508 <li>Word count対象は166Mのテキスト</li>
12
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509 <li>TaskArrayの適応の有無を比較</li>
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510 </ul>
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511
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512 </div>
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513
15
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514
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515
12
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516 <div class="slide">
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517 <h1>WordCount</h1>
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518
15
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519 time : 実行時間
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520 <table border="3" style="width:100%;">
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521 <tr>
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522 <th></th>
12
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523 <th>Task</th>
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524 <th>TaskArray</th>
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525 </tr>
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526 <tr>
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527 <th>time</th>
15
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528 <td align="center">2.102s</td>
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529 <td align="center">2.083s</td>
10
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530
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531 </tr>
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532 <tr>
12
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533 <th>dma wait</th>
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534 <td align="center">12%</td>
15
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535 <td align="center">17(+5)%</td>
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536
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537 </tr>
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538 <tr>
12
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539 <th>mail wait</th>
15
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540 <td align="center">7%</td>
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541 <td align="center">2(-5)%</td>
10
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542 </tr>
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543
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544 <caption>WordCountの比較</caption>
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545
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546 </table><br>
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547
15
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548 Mail wait の割合が減少、代わりに dma wait が増加
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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549
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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550 </div>
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551
10
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552 <div class="slide">
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553 <h1>WordCount</h1>
10
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554
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555 <ul>
15
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556 <li>PPEで実行するTaskがないため、Mailをチェックしやすい</li>
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557 <li>dma wait が</li>
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558 <li></li>
10
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559 </ul>
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560
12
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561 </div>
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562
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563 <div class="slide">
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564 <h1>WordCount</h1>
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565
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diff changeset
566 改善策
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567
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568 <ul>
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569 <li></li>
13
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570 <li>同じ領域を切り替えて、何度かに分けてマッピングする</li>
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571 <li>スワップを減らし、アクセス時間を短縮できる</li>
12
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572 <li>dma wait の割合が減る</li>
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573 </ul>
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574
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575 </div>
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576
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577 <div class="slide">
12
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578 <h1>まとめ</h1>
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579
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580
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581 <ul>
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582 <li>複数のTaskをまとめるTaskArrayを提案、実装した。</li>
13
Yutaka_Kinjyo
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583 <li>PPE側が忙しく、mailチェックが遅れる場合に効果がある</li>
12
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584 <li>PPE側にTaskがない場合は、mailチェックは間に合う</li>
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585 <li>WordCountはdma転送がネックになっている</li>
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586 <li>マッピングの方法、Taskのスケジューリングを工夫して、dma転送時間を削減できる</li>
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587
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588
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589 </ul>
10
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590
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591 </div>
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592
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593
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594
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595 <div class="slide">
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596 <h1>end</h1>
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597 <ul>
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598 /*end*/
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599 <br><br>
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600
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601
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602 <div class="handout">
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603 [any material that should appear in print but not on the slide]
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604 </div>
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605 </div>
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606
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607
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608 </div>
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609
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610 </body>
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611 </html>