Mercurial > hg > Papers > 2011 > nobu-prosym
annotate presen/index.html @ 66:26a3713b2989
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| author | Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 29 Dec 2011 01:52:54 +0900 |
| parents | 743afe406e56 |
| children | 1399414ea3f6 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 54 | 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" |
| 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> | |
| 3 | |
| 4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> | |
| 5 | |
| 6 <head> | |
| 7 <style> | |
| 64 | 8 .src{ |
| 9 overflow: scroll; | |
| 10 width: 90%; | |
| 11 height: 60%; | |
| 12 } | |
| 54 | 13 .center { |
| 14 margin-left: auto; | |
| 15 margin-right: auto; | |
| 16 text-align: center; | |
| 17 } | |
| 18 .textcenter { | |
| 19 text-align: center; | |
| 20 } | |
| 21 .taninaritop { | |
| 22 margin: auto; | |
| 23 width: 95%; | |
| 24 font-weight: bold; | |
| 25 } | |
| 26 </style> | |
| 27 <title>2012/ 1/ 7</title> | |
| 28 <!-- metadata --> | |
| 29 <meta name="generator" content="S5" /> | |
| 30 <meta name="version" content="S5 1.1" /> | |
| 31 <meta name="presdate" content="20120107" /> | |
| 32 <meta name="author" content="Nobuyasu Oshiro" /> | |
| 33 <meta name="company" content="University of the Ryukyu" /> | |
| 34 <!-- meta temporary --> | |
| 35 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> | |
| 36 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" /> | |
| 37 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> | |
| 38 <!-- configuration parameters --> | |
| 39 <meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow" /> | |
| 40 <meta name="controlVis" content="hidden" /> | |
| 41 <!-- configuration extensions --> | |
| 42 <meta name="tranSitions" content="true" /> | |
| 43 <meta name="fadeDuration" content="500" /> | |
| 44 <meta name="incrDuration" content="250" /> | |
| 45 <!-- configuration autoplay extension --> | |
| 46 <meta name="autoMatic" content="false" /> | |
| 47 <meta name="playLoop" content="true" /> | |
| 48 <meta name="playDelay" content="10" /> | |
| 49 <!-- configuration audio extension --> | |
| 50 <meta name="audioSupport" content="false" /> | |
| 51 <meta name="audioVolume" content="100" /> | |
| 52 <meta name="audioError" content="false" /> | |
| 53 <!-- configuration audio debug --> | |
| 54 <meta name="audioDebug" content="false" /> | |
| 55 <!-- style sheet links --> | |
| 56 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default_utf/slides.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="slideProj" /> | |
| 57 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default_utf/outline.css" type="text/css" media="screen" id="outlineStyle" /> | |
| 58 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default_utf/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" id="slidePrint" /> | |
| 59 <link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default_utf/opera.css" type="text/css" media="projection" id="operaFix" /> | |
| 60 <!-- embedded styles --> | |
| 61 <style type="text/css" media="all"> | |
| 62 .imgcon {width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; text-align: center;} | |
| 63 #anim {width: 33%; height: 320px; position: relative;} | |
| 64 #anim img {position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;} | |
| 65 </style> | |
| 66 <!-- S5 JS --> | |
| 67 <script src="ui/default_utf/slides.js" type="text/javascript"></script> | |
| 68 </head> | |
| 69 <body> | |
| 70 | |
| 71 <div class="layout"> | |
| 72 <div id="controls"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div> | |
| 73 <div id="currentSlide"><!-- DO NOT EDIT --></div> | |
| 74 <div id="header"></div> | |
| 75 <div id="footer"> | |
| 76 <h1>プログラミングシンポジウム: 2012/ 1/ 7</h1> | |
| 77 <h2>並列信頼研</h2> | |
| 78 </div> | |
| 79 </div> | |
| 80 | |
| 81 <div class="presentation"> | |
| 82 | |
| 83 <div class="slide"> | |
| 84 <h1>Continuation based Cの GCC 4.6 上の実装について</li> | |
| 85 <h3></h3> | |
| 86 <li>大城 信康</li> | |
| 87 <h4><a href="http://ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/" rel="external">琉球大学 並列信頼研究室</a></h4> | |
| 88 <div class="handout"></div> | |
| 89 </div> | |
| 90 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 91 <div class="slide"> | |
| 92 <h1>目的と背景(1)</h1> | |
| 93 <li>当研究室ではコードセグメント単位で記述するプログラミング言語Continuation based C (以下CbC)という言語を開発している。</li> | |
| 94 <li>コードセグメントは並列実行の単位として使うことができ、プログラムの正しさを示す単位としても使用することができる。</li> | |
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95 <li>Many Core での並列実行を高い性能と高い信頼性で実現することができると考えている。</li> |
| 54 | 96 </div> |
| 97 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 98 <div class="slide"> | |
| 99 <h1>目的と背景(2)</h1> | |
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100 <li>CbC のコンパイラは2001年に Micro-C 版、2008年には GCC 4.2 をベースとしたコンパイラが開発された。</li> |
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101 <li>GCC をベースとした CbC コンパイラは、修正・追加されていく最適化の機能を使用する為に、 GCC のアップデートに合わせ変更する必要がある。</li> |
| 58 | 102 <li>本研究ではCbC コンパイラを GCC-4.6 へとアップデートを行った。 </li> |
| 54 | 103 </div> |
| 104 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 105 <div class="slide"> | |
| 106 <h1>発表内容</h1> | |
| 107 <ol> | |
| 108 <li>CbC の紹介</li> | |
| 109 <li>GCC でのコンパイルの流れ</li> | |
| 58 | 110 <font color="red"> |
| 111 <li>CbC の実装</li> | |
| 112 </font> | |
| 54 | 113 <!-- |
| 114 <ul> | |
| 115 <li>Tail Call Elimination</li> | |
| 116 <li>goto シンタックスの追加</li> | |
| 117 <li>環境付き継続</li> | |
| 118 </ul> | |
| 119 --> | |
| 120 <li>Micro-C との性能比較</li> | |
| 64 | 121 <!-- |
| 54 | 122 <li>mercurial を用いたアップデートの方法</li> |
| 64 | 123 --> |
| 54 | 124 <li>まとめ</li> |
| 125 <ol> | |
| 126 </div> | |
| 127 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 128 <div class="slide"> | |
| 129 <h1>Continuation based C </h1> | |
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130 <h2>コードセグメント単位での記述と継続を基本としたプログラミング言語。</h2> |
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131 <ul> |
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132 <li>プログラムの記述は C の構文と同じだが、ループ制御や関数コールが取り除かれる。</li> |
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133 </ul> |
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134 <br> |
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135 <h2>コードセグメント</h2> |
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136 <ul> |
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137 <li>C の関数よりも細かい単位。</li> |
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138 <li>コードセグメントの処理は最後に別のコードセグメントへ継続(goto)することで続いていく。</li> |
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139 </ul> |
| 54 | 140 </div> |
| 141 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 142 <div class="slide"> | |
| 58 | 143 <h1>Continuation Based C</h1> |
| 144 <h2>継続:現在の処理を実行していく為の情報</h2> | |
| 145 <!-- | |
| 146 <li>Cでは関数呼び出しの後、呼び出し元の環境に復帰する必要がある。</li> | |
| 147 --> | |
| 148 <li>Cにおいての継続</li> | |
| 149 <ul> | |
| 150 <li>続く命令のアドレス</li> | |
| 151 <li>命令に必要なデータ</li> | |
| 152 <li>スタックに積まれている値(環境)</li> | |
| 153 </ul> | |
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154 </div> |
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155 <!-- PAGE --> |
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156 <div class="slide"> |
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157 <h1>Continuation Based C (軽量継続)</h1> |
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158 <h2>CbCの継続(軽量継続)</h2> |
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159 <li>関数コールが無い -> 呼び出し元への復帰がない</li> |
| 58 | 160 <ul> |
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161 <li>Cの継続から環境を除外</li> |
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162 <li>続く命令とその命令に必要なデータのみ</li> |
| 58 | 163 </ul> |
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164 <!-- <li>継続の際にスタックに載せるデータはコードセグメントへの引数だけとなる。</li> --> |
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165 <!-- <li>スタックポインタの位置を変えずにすむ。</li> --> |
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166 <p style=" margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto;"> |
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167 <table width=90% class="center" border=1> |
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168 <tr> |
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169 <small> |
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170 <td>Cの関数呼び出し</td> |
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171 <td>CbCの継続</td> |
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172 </small> |
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173 </tr> |
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174 <tr> |
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175 <td> |
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176 <img class="scale" src="./pix/func_call.png" style="height: 6em;"> |
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177 </td> |
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178 <td> |
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179 <img class="scale" src="./pix/cs_stack.png" style="height: 6em;"> |
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180 </td> |
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181 </tr> |
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182 </table> |
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183 </p> |
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184 </div> |
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185 <!-- PAGE --> |
| 58 | 186 <div class="slide"> |
| 54 | 187 <h1>Continuation based C </h1> |
| 188 <small> | |
| 189 <table width=100% > | |
| 190 <tr> | |
| 191 <caption>階乗を求めるCbCのプログラム</caption> | |
| 192 <td width=50%> | |
| 193 <pre> | |
| 194 __code print_factorial(int prod) { | |
| 195 printf("factorial = %d\n",prod); | |
| 196 exit(0); | |
| 197 } | |
| 58 | 198 |
| 54 | 199 __code factorial0(int prod, int x) { |
| 200 if ( x >= 1) { | |
| 201 goto factorial0(prod*x, x-1); | |
| 202 }else{ | |
| 203 goto print_factorial(prod); | |
| 204 } | |
| 205 } | |
| 206 </pre> | |
| 207 </td> | |
| 208 <td> | |
| 209 <pre> | |
| 210 __code factorial(int x) { | |
| 211 goto factorial0(1, x); | |
| 212 } | |
| 58 | 213 |
| 54 | 214 int main(int argc, char **argv) { |
| 215 int i; | |
| 216 i = atoi(argv[1]); | |
| 217 goto factorial(i); | |
| 218 return 0; | |
| 219 } | |
| 220 </pre> | |
| 221 </td> | |
| 222 </tr> | |
| 223 </table> | |
| 224 </small> | |
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225 <li>__code キーワードによるコードセグメントの宣言</li> |
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226 <li>goto によるコードセグメントへの継続(Cの関数呼び出しと同等)</li> |
| 54 | 227 </div> |
| 228 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 229 <div class="slide"> | |
| 230 <h1>GCC によるコンパイル</h1> | |
| 231 <li>GCC についての簡単な説明を行う...</li> | |
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232 <li>TODO: NEXT_PASS() の把握</li> |
| 54 | 233 <img src="./pix/ir.png" style="height: 6em;"> |
| 234 <li>CbCの実装は主に Parser の部分と RTL を生成する部分に行われる。</li> | |
| 235 </div> | |
| 236 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 237 <div class="slide"> | |
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238 <h1>CbCの実装</h1> |
| 54 | 239 <ul> |
| 240 <li>シンタックスの追加</li> | |
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241 <li>レジスタによる引数渡し(fastcall属性の付与)</li> |
| 54 | 242 <li>Tail Call Elimination</li> |
| 243 <li>環境付き継続</li> | |
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244 <li>__rectype の実装</li> |
| 54 | 245 </ul> |
| 246 </div> | |
| 247 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 248 <div class="slide"> | |
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249 <h1>CbCの実装:シンタックスの追加</h1> |
| 54 | 250 <ul> |
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251 <li>__code キーワードでのコードセグメントの宣言</li> |
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252 <ul> |
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253 <li>__code 用idとkeywordを作成。</li> |
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254 <li>戻り値が無い為、コードセグメントは void 型の関数で作成される木と同じ木が作られる。</li> |
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255 </ul> |
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256 <li>goto によるコードセグメントへの継続</li> |
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257 <ul> |
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258 <li>通常の goto に加え、コードセグメントへ継続する処理を追加。</li> |
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259 <li>コードセグメントへのgotoの後に、returnの処理を自動で追加。</li> |
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260 </ul> |
| 54 | 261 </ul> |
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262 <li class="incremental">追加したgotoシンタックスの実際のソースは次のようになる。</li> |
| 54 | 263 </div> |
| 264 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 265 <div class="slide"> | |
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266 <h1>CbCの実装:シンタックスの追加</h1> |
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267 <h2>gotoシンタックスの追加</h2> |
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268 <small> |
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269 <pre> |
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270 expr = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL); |
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271 if (TREE_CODE(expr.value) == CALL_EXPR ) |
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272 { |
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273 location_t loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location; |
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274 cbc_replace_arguments (loc, expr.value); |
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275 TREE_TYPE(expr.value) = void_type_node; |
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276 CbC_IS_CbC_GOTO (expr.value) = 1; |
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277 CALL_EXPR_TAILCALL (expr.value) = 1; |
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278 add_stmt(expr.value); |
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279 stmt = c_finish_return(loc, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE); |
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280 } |
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281 </pre> |
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282 </small> |
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283 <small> |
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284 <li>CALL_EXPR_TAILCALLマクロでtail callフラグを立て。</li> |
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285 <li>cbc_replace_arguments関数は引数のデータを一時的な変数へ避難させる。</li> |
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286 <li>最後にc_finish_return関数によりreturn文を生成している。</li> |
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287 </small> |
| 54 | 288 </div> |
| 289 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 290 <div class="slide"> | |
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291 <h1>CbCの実装:シンタックスの追加</h1> |
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292 <h2>gotoシンタックスの追加</h2> |
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293 <li>最後にリターン文を生成することにより、次へと制御を移させず。また末尾最適化がかかるようになる。</li> |
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294 <table border=1 width=100%> |
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295 <tr class="center"> |
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296 <small> |
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297 <td>実際のコード </td> |
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298 <td>GCC 内で処理されるコード</td> |
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299 </small> |
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300 </tr> |
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301 <tr style="margin-top: auto;"> |
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302 <td> |
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303 <pre> |
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304 goto factorial0(1, x); |
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305 </pre> |
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306 </td> |
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307 <td> |
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308 <pre> |
| 58 | 309 factorial0(1, x); |
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310 return; |
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311 </pre> |
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312 </td> |
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313 </tr> |
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314 </table> |
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315 <li>末尾最適化(末尾除去)については後ほど詳しく説明する。</li> |
| 54 | 316 </div> |
| 317 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 318 <div class="slide"> | |
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319 <h1>CbCの実装:引数渡し</h1> |
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320 <li>GCC版コンパイラー開発当初、コンパイルしたCbCのプログラムはMicro-C版に速度面で勝てなかった。</li> |
| 58 | 321 <ul> |
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322 <li>Micro-Cでは関数呼び出しの際にできるだけレジスタを使うようにしていた。</li> |
| 58 | 323 </ul> |
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324 <li class="incremental">そこで、GCC版CbCコンパイラの引数渡しもできるだけレジスタで行うことに。</li> |
| 58 | 325 </div> |
| 326 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 327 <div class="slide"> | |
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328 <h1>CbCの実装:引数渡し(fastcall)</h1> |
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329 <h2>fastcall</h2> |
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330 <ul> |
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331 <li>i386 において関数呼び出しの際、引数渡しをできるだけレジスタを用いるGCCの拡張機能。</li> |
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332 <li>関数に『__attribute__ ((fastcall))』をつけることで使えるようになる。</li> |
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333 </ul> |
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334 <li>__code で宣言された関数は自動でfastcall属性が付与されるように。</li> |
| 58 | 335 <small> |
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336 <pre> |
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337 if(!TARGET_64BIT) { |
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338 attrs = build_tree_list (get_identifier("fastcall"), NULL_TREE); |
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339 declspecs_add_attrs(specs, attrs); |
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340 } |
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341 </pre> |
| 58 | 342 </small> |
| 343 <p><small>Intel64 ではレジスタが増えている為、fastcallは標準でつくようになっている。</small></p> | |
| 344 </div> | |
| 345 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 346 <div class="slide"> | |
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347 <h1>CbCの実装:引数渡し</h1> |
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348 <table width=100% border=1 class="center"> |
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349 <caption>引数渡しに使われるレジスタの数(gcc)</caption> |
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350 <tr> |
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351 <td>arch</td> |
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352 <td>int(整数型)</td> |
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353 <td>float(浮動小数点型)</td> |
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354 <td>double(浮動小数点型)</td> |
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355 </tr> |
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356 <tr> |
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357 <td>i386</td> |
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358 <td>2</td> |
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359 <td>0<br>(stackを使用)</td> |
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360 <td>0<br>(stackを使用)</td> |
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361 </tr> |
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362 <tr> |
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363 <td>x86_64</td> |
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364 <td>6</td> |
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365 <td>8</td> |
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366 <td>8</td> |
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367 </tr> |
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368 </table> |
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369 </div> |
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370 <!-- PAGE --> |
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371 <div class="slide"> |
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372 <h1>CbCの実装:TCE</h1> |
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373 <h2>Tail Call Elimination(TCE):末尾除去</h2> |
| 62 | 374 <li>関数呼び出しをcallではなくjmp命令で行ことでreturnを1度で済ませる最適化。</li> |
| 375 <img src="./pix/continuation.png" style="height: 7em;"> | |
|
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376 <li>CbCにおけるコードセグメントへの継続はこのTCEを用いて実装されている。</li> |
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377 </div> |
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378 <!-- PAGE --> |
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379 <div class="slide"> |
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380 <h1>CbCの実装:TCE</h1> |
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381 <li>TCEにより関数へjmp命令で処理を移すことを利用。</li> |
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382 <li>TCEにかかることで、コードセグメントへの継続はjmp命令で行われている。</li> |
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383 <br> |
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384 <h2>具体的な実装内容</h2> |
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385 <ul> |
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386 <li class="incremental">try_tail_call(変数名)フラグを立てる。</li> |
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387 <li class="incremental">try_tail_callフラグを落とさせない。</li> |
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388 </ul> |
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389 <li class="incremental">TCEにかかるにはtry_tail_callフラグ次第</li> |
| 54 | 390 </div> |
| 391 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 392 <div class="slide"> | |
|
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393 <h1>CbCの実装:TCE</h1> |
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394 <li>try_tail_callフラグはexpand_call関数で落とされる。</li> |
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395 <ul> |
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396 <li>expand_call関数</li> |
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397 <ul> |
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398 <li>Treeで表された関数からRTLを生成する関数</li> |
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399 </ul> |
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400 </ul> |
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401 <li>次の条件を満たしていないとtry_tail_callフラグを落とす。</li> |
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402 <ul> |
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403 <li>caller側とcallee側の戻値の型の一致している。</li> |
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404 <li>関数呼び出しがリターン直前に行われている。</li> |
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405 <li>呼出先関数の引数に用いられるスタックサイズが呼出元のそれより少ない。</li> |
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406 <li>引数の並びのコピーに上書きがない。</li> |
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407 </ul> |
| 54 | 408 </div> |
| 409 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 410 <div class="slide"> | |
|
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411 <h1>CbCの実装:TCE</h1> |
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412 <li>フラグを落とされない為にコードセグメントは次の条件で作成する。</li> |
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413 <ul> |
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414 <li>void型で統一。</li> |
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415 <li>gotoの直後にreturnを置く。</li> |
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416 <li>スタックサイズは固定。</li> |
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417 <li>引数は一旦、一時変数にコピーする。</li> |
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418 </ul> |
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419 <li class="incremental">これでコードセグメントへの処理はjmp命令で移ることになる。</li> |
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420 </div> |
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421 <!-- PAGE --> |
| 64 | 422 <!-- |
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423 <div class="slide"> |
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424 <h1>CbCの実装:環境付き継続</h1> |
| 62 | 425 <li>CbCにおけるCとの互換性を保つための機能。</li> |
| 426 <li>コードセグメントを呼び出したCの関数に戻ることができる。</li> | |
| 64 | 427 <li>論文における訂正</li> |
| 428 <li>『GCC 4.6 と Lion の組合せでは Closure は正しく動作していないことが分かった.』</li> | |
| 429 <ul> | |
| 430 <li>GCC 4.6 への CbC の実装のせいでクロージャがうまくできていなかったことが判明。</li> | |
| 431 <li>GCC 4.6 と Lion でのクロージャは特に問題はない。</li> | |
| 432 </ul> | |
| 433 </div> | |
| 434 --> | |
| 435 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 436 <!-- | |
| 437 <div class="slide"> | |
| 438 <h1>環境付き継続:論文におけるクロージャの問題の訂正</h1> | |
| 439 <p><small>『GCC 4.6とLionの組み合わせではclosureは正しく動作してないことが分かった。』<br> | |
| 440 とあるが、これはCbCの実装でTCEを強制的に立てることが原因であったことを訂正させて頂きます。</small></p> | |
| 441 </div> | |
| 442 --> | |
| 443 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 444 <div class="slide"> | |
| 445 <h1>CbCの実装:環境付き継続</h1> | |
| 446 <li>CbCにおけるCとの互換性を保つための機能。コードセグメントを呼び出したCの関数に戻ることができる。</li> | |
| 447 <li>__returnキーワードを引数に渡すことで使うことができる。</li> | |
| 448 <li>以下の使い方の場合は1を返す。</li> | |
| 449 <small> | |
| 450 <pre> | |
| 451 __code c1(__code ret(int,void *),void *env) { | |
| 452 goto ret(1,env); | |
| 453 } | |
| 454 int main() { | |
| 455 goto c1(__return, __environment); | |
| 456 } | |
| 457 </pre> | |
| 458 </small> | |
| 459 <p><small>__environmentキーワードは関数の環境を保存している。</small></p> | |
| 54 | 460 </div> |
| 461 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 462 <div class="slide"> | |
| 64 | 463 <h1>CbCの実装:環境付き継続</h1> |
| 464 <h2>実際には以下のコードを生成している。</h2> | |
| 465 <small> | |
| 466 <pre> | |
| 467 goto c1(__return, __environment); | |
| 468 | |
| 469 goto c1( | |
| 470 ({ | |
| 471 __label__ _cbc_exit0; | |
| 472 static int retval; | |
| 473 void _cbc_internal_return(int retval_, void *_envp){ | |
| 474 retval = retval_; | |
| 475 goto _cbc_exit0; } | |
| 476 if (0) { _cbc_exit0: | |
| 477 return retval; } | |
| 478 _cbc_internal_return; | |
| 479 }), | |
| 480 __environment); | |
| 481 </pre> | |
| 482 <p>retval変数はint型になっているが、実際には継続を行った関数と同じ戻値の型となる。</p> | |
| 483 </small> | |
| 484 <li class="incremental">上記のコードをGCC内で生成するのが次のソースとなる。</li> | |
| 54 | 485 </div> |
| 486 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 487 <div class="slide"> | |
| 64 | 488 <h1>CbCの実装:環境付き継続</l> |
| 489 <h2>環境付き継続の生成部分:</h2> | |
| 490 <div class="src"> | |
| 491 <small> | |
| 492 <pre> | |
| 493 { | |
| 494 tree value, stmt, label, tlab, decl; | |
| 495 c_parser_consume_token (parser); | |
| 496 | |
| 497 stmt = c_begin_stmt_expr (); | |
| 498 cbc_return_f = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value; | |
| 499 location_t location = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location; | |
| 500 | |
| 501 /* create label. (__label__ _cbc_exit0;) */ | |
| 502 label = get_identifier ("_cbc_exit0"); | |
| 503 tlab = declare_label (label); | |
| 504 C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (tlab) = 1; | |
| 505 add_stmt (build_stmt (location, DECL_EXPR, tlab)); | |
| 506 | |
| 507 /* declare retval. (int retval;) */ | |
| 508 tree decl_cond = | |
| 509 build_decl (location, VAR_DECL, get_identifier ("retval"), | |
| 510 TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (current_function_decl))); | |
| 511 TREE_STATIC (decl_cond) = 1; | |
| 512 TREE_USED (decl_cond) = 1; | |
| 513 | |
| 514 /* Use thread-local */ | |
| 515 DECL_TLS_MODEL (decl_cond) = decl_default_tls_model (decl_cond); | |
| 516 DECL_NONLOCAL (decl_cond) = 1; | |
| 517 add_stmt (build_stmt(location, DECL_EXPR, pushdecl (decl_cond))); | |
| 518 | |
| 519 /* define nested function. */ | |
| 520 decl = | |
| 521 cbc_finish_nested_function (location, label, decl_cond); | |
| 522 TREE_USED(decl) = 1; | |
| 523 | |
| 524 /* define if-ed goto label and return statement. */ | |
| 525 cbc_finish_labeled_goto (location, label, decl_cond); | |
| 526 | |
| 527 /* get pointer to nested function. */ | |
| 528 value = build_addr (decl , current_function_decl); | |
| 529 TREE_USED (current_function_decl) = 1; | |
| 530 SET_EXPR_LOCATION (value, location); | |
| 531 add_stmt (value); | |
| 532 | |
| 533 TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (stmt) = 1; | |
| 534 expr.value = c_finish_stmt_expr (location, stmt); | |
| 535 expr.original_code = ERROR_MARK; | |
| 536 } | |
| 537 </pre> | |
| 54 | 538 </small> |
| 64 | 539 </div> |
| 54 | 540 </div> |
| 541 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 542 <div class="slide"> | |
| 64 | 543 <h1>CbCの実装:環境付き継続</h1> |
| 544 <h2>作成されるTree</h2> | |
| 545 <img src="./pix/STATEMENT_LIST_1.png" style="height: 10em;"> | |
| 546 <!-- | |
| 547 <small> | |
| 548 <pre> | |
| 549 ({ | |
| 550 __label__ _cbc_exit0; | |
| 551 static int retval; | |
| 552 void _cbc_internal_return(int retval_, void *_envp){ | |
| 553 retval = retval_; | |
| 554 goto _cbc_exit0; } | |
| 555 if (0) { _cbc_exit0: | |
| 556 return retval; } | |
| 557 _cbc_internal_return; | |
| 558 }), | |
| 559 </pre> | |
| 560 </small> | |
| 561 --> | |
| 562 </div> | |
| 563 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 564 <div class="slide"> | |
| 565 <h1>環境付き継続:実装の問題</h1> | |
| 566 <ul> | |
| 567 <li>リターンするretval変数が重要になってくる。</li> | |
| 568 <li>retval変数のデータをどうやって確保するか。</li> | |
| 569 </ul> | |
| 570 <li>次の方法が考えられる。</li> | |
| 571 <ul> | |
| 572 <li>クロージャでの確保</li> | |
| 573 <li>staticでの確保</li> | |
| 574 <li>static thread local storage(tls)を用いての確保</li> | |
| 575 </ul> | |
| 576 </div> | |
| 577 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 578 <div class="slide"> | |
| 579 <h1>環境付き継続:実装の問題</h1> | |
| 580 <li>クロージャでの実装</li> | |
| 54 | 581 <ul> |
| 64 | 582 <li>クロージャにしてスタックに値を確保する。</li> |
| 583 <li></li> | |
| 584 </ul> | |
| 585 <li>問題点</li> | |
| 586 <ul> | |
| 587 <li class="incremental">しかしCbCではスタックの値は破棄されていく。</li> | |
| 588 <li class="incremental">その為スタックに値を確保するのは好ましくない。</li> | |
| 589 </ul> | |
| 590 </div> | |
| 591 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 592 <div class="slide"> | |
| 593 <h1>環境付き継続:実装の問題</h1> | |
| 594 <li>staticでの実装</li> | |
| 595 <ul> | |
| 596 <li>静的に値を確保することでスタック破棄の影響を受けない。</li> | |
| 597 </ul> | |
| 598 <li>問題点</li> | |
| 599 <ul> | |
| 600 <li class="incremental">マルチスレッドのプログラムに対応できない。</li> | |
| 601 <li class="incremental">値を返し切る前に別スレッドによって値が書き換えられる可能性がある。</li> | |
| 54 | 602 </ul> |
| 64 | 603 </div> |
| 604 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 605 <div class="slide"> | |
| 606 <h1>環境付き継続:実装の問題</h1> | |
| 607 <li>static tlsでの実装</li> | |
| 608 <ul> | |
| 609 <li>スレッド毎に静的に値を確保する。</li> | |
| 610 </ul> | |
| 611 <li>現在はこの方法で実装を行なっている。</li> | |
| 612 <li>しかし、最適化にかけると正しい値が返ってこない。 | |
| 613 <br>(恐らくTreeの生成の部分が間違っている。)</li> | |
| 614 </div> | |
| 615 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 616 <div class="slide"> | |
| 617 <h1>環境付き継続:その他の実装方法</h1> | |
| 618 <ul> | |
| 619 <li>setjmpでの実装</li> | |
| 620 <ul> | |
| 621 <li>setjmpを行うTreeを生成するのが少し手間になる。</li> | |
| 622 <li>int型の戻値しか得られない。</li> | |
| 623 </ul> | |
| 624 <li>戻値を入れるレジスタを明示的に指定する。</li> | |
| 625 <ul> | |
| 626 <li>まだ実装を試していない。</li> | |
| 627 </ul> | |
| 628 </ul> | |
| 54 | 629 </div> |
| 630 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 631 <div class="slide"> | |
|
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632 <h1>__rectype の実装</h1> |
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633 <li>通常、関数の引数に関数ポインタを渡した際は以下の様に使われる。</li> |
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634 <small> |
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635 <pre> |
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636 void factorial(int n, int result, void(*print)()){ |
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637 : |
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638 (*print)(n,result,print,exit1, envp); |
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639 } |
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640 </pre> |
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641 </small> |
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642 <li>以下の様に扱えるようにしたい。</li> |
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643 <small> |
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644 <pre> |
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645 void factorial(int n, int result, void *print){ |
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646 : |
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647 (*print)(n,result,print,exit1, envp); |
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648 } |
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649 </pre> |
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650 </small> |
| 54 | 651 </div> |
| 652 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 653 <div class="slide"> | |
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654 <h1>__rectype の実装</h1> |
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655 <li>そこで、__rectype という予約後を作り、以下の宣言を行えるようにした。</li> |
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656 <pre> |
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657 __code factorial(int n, int result, __rectype *print) { |
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658 : |
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659 (*print)(n,result,print,exit1, envp); |
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660 } |
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661 </pre> |
| 54 | 662 </div> |
| 663 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 664 <div class="slide"> | |
| 64 | 665 <h1>CbCの機能の拡張</h1> |
| 666 <h2>selftypeの実装</h2> | |
| 667 <li>以下の宣言が行えるようにしたい。</li> | |
| 668 <small> | |
| 669 <pre> | |
| 670 typedef sturct node { | |
| 671 selftype *left; | |
| 672 selftype *right; | |
| 673 int num; | |
| 674 }*NODE | |
| 675 </pre> | |
| 676 <p>selftype は struct node を指す。</p> | |
| 677 </small> | |
| 678 <ul> | |
| 679 <li>上記の構文は実装を行う予定である。</li> | |
| 680 </ul> | |
| 681 </div> | |
| 682 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 683 <div class="slide"> | |
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684 <h1>Micro-Cとの比較</h1> |
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685 <li>以下はMicro-C,GCC-4.4とGCC-4.6それぞれのCbCコンパイラでコンパイルしたプログラムの実行結果</li> |
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686 <table width=100% class="center"> |
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687 <td> |
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688 <img src="./pix/mac_conv.png"> |
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689 </td> |
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690 <td> |
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691 <img src="./pix/linux_conv.png"> |
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692 </td> |
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693 </table> |
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694 <li>GCC版の最適化無しの場合、引数を全て一時変数に代入するという処理が入る。 |
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695 その為に明らかに遅くなっていることが分かる。</li> |
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696 <li>だがGCCの最適化有りの場合はMicro-C版よりも早い。</li> |
| 54 | 697 </div> |
| 698 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 64 | 699 <div class="slide"> |
| 700 <h1></h1> | |
| 701 <li></li> | |
| 702 </div> | |
| 703 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 704 <div class="slide"> | |
| 705 <h1>まとめ</h1> | |
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706 <ul> |
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707 <li>今回GCC版CbCコンパイラのアップデートを行った。</li> |
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708 <li>TCEにかかる判定の部分と環境付き継続の実装の修正を行った。 |
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709 <br>おかげで、以前より楽な管理ができる実装にすることができた。</li> |
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710 <li>後は環境付き継続の最適化の問題の修正とselftypeの実装を行う。</li> |
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711 <li>全ての実装を終えたらGCC版CbCコンパイラの実装はアップデートを行なっていくだけとなる。</li> |
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712 </ul> |
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713 </div> |
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714 <!-- PAGE --> |
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715 <div class="slide"> |
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716 <h1>今後の予定</h1> |
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717 <ul> |
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718 <li>CbCを用いたプログラムの作成</li> |
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719 <ul> |
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720 <li>CbCによるタスクマネージャの作成</li> |
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721 </ul> |
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722 <li>llvmへのCbCの実装</li> |
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723 </ul> |
| 64 | 724 </div> |
| 725 <!-- PAGE --> | |
| 54 | 726 </div> |
| 727 </body> | |
| 728 </html> |