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author Nobuyasu Oshiro <dimolto@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Wed, 29 Jan 2014 18:41:30 +0900
parents 63eca978482f
children 34ac359f20f1
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1 \chapter{Jungle の分散実装}
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2 本章では Jungle に行った分散実装について述べる.
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3 前章では Jungle のアーキテクチャと分散設計について説明した.
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4 トポロジーの形成と他サーバノードのデータのアクセス方法には Alice を使用する.
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5 また, Jungle ではデータ編集のログとして TreeOperationLog がある.
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6 この TreeOperationLog を Alice により他サーバノードへ送ることでデータの分散を行う.
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8 \section{Alice のトポロジーマネージャーの利用}
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10 \subsection{トポロジーマネージャーの起動}
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11 Alice を用いてサーバノードでトポロジーの形成を行う方法を述べる.
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12 Alice のトポロジーマネージャーの起動は\ref{src:alice_dot}の様に行う.
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13 (\ref{src:alice_ntm_run}).
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14 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:alice_ntm_run,caption=Alice によるネットワークトポロジーマネージャーの起動,numbers=left]
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15 % java -cp Alice.jar alice.topology.manager.TopologyManager -p 10000 -conf ./topology/tree5.dot
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16 \end{lstlisting}
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17 -p オプションはトポロジーマネージャーが開くポートの番号, -conf オプションには dot ファイルのパスを渡す.
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18
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19 ポート番号は Alice により記述された並列分散プログラムの起動時に渡す必要がある.
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20 dot ファイルには, トポロジーをどのように形成するかが書かれている.
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21 以下に, サーバノード数5で, 2分木ツリー構造を形成する dot ファイルの例を示す(\ref{src:alice_dot}).
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22 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:alice_dot,caption=ネットワークトポロジー設定用 dot ファイル,numbers=left]
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23 % cat tree5.dot
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24 digraph test {
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25 node0 -> node1 [label="child1"]
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26 node0 -> node2 [label="child2"]
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27 node1 -> node0 [label="parent"]
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28 node1 -> node3 [label="child1"]
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29 node1 -> node4 [label="child2"]
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30 node2 -> node0 [label="parent"]
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31 node3 -> node1 [label="parent"]
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32 node4 -> node1 [label="parent"]
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33 }
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34 \end{lstlisting}
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35
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36 node0 や node1 はサーバノードの名前を示す.
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37 サーバノードの間にはラベルがあり, Alice 上ではこのラベル
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38 に指定される文字列(キー)を使うことで他のサーバノードのデータへアクセスすることができる.
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39 node0 -> node1 はサーバノード同士の繋がりを示している.
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40 次に続く label="child1" は, node0 が node1 のデータに"child1"という文字列を使うことでアクセス
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41 できることを示す.
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42
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43 dot ファイルを読み込んだ Alice のトポロジーマネージャーに対して, サーバノードは
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44 誰に接続を行えばよいかを訪ねる.
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45 トポロジーマネージャーは訪ねてきたサーバノードに対してノード番号を割り振り, dot ファイル
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46 に記述している通りにサーバノード同士が接続を行うよう指示をだす.
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47
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48 トポロジーマネージャーは接続要求先を聞いてくるサーバノードに対して名前を割り振り, 接続相手を伝える.
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49 dot ファイル\ref{src:alice_dot}により形成されるトポロジーを図\ref{fig:tree_topology}に示す.
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50
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51
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52 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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53 \begin{center}
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54 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/tree_topology.pdf}
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55 \caption{Alice によるネットワークトポロジー形成}
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56 \label{fig:tree_topology}
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57 \end{center}
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58 \end{figure}
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59
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60 矢印に書かれている文字列は, 相手のデータにアクセスするキーを示す.
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61 "child1", "child2", "parent" というキーを使うことで別のサーバノードにあるデータを取得することができる.
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62 %子共となるノードは "parent" キーにより親の DSM (Remote DSM) にアクセスすることができる.
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63 %また, 親も子供となるノードの DSM に対して "child1" や "child2" キーによりアクセスすることが可能となる.
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64 これでトポロジーマネージャーが起動される.
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65
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66 \subsection{アプリケーション側の記述}
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67 次は Jungle 側のプログラムが最初に Alice のトポロジーノードと通信を行うようにする.
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68 そのためには Alice の TopologyNode クラスに必要な情報を渡してインスタンスを生成する(\ref{src:app_start}).
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69 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:app_start,caption=アプリケーションの起動,numbers=left]
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70 public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
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71 {
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72 RemoteConfig conf = new RemoteConfig(args);
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73 new TopologyNode(conf, new StartJungleCodeSegment(args, conf.bbsPort));
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74 }
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75 \end{lstlisting}
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76 TopologyNode クラスは第2引数として CodeSegment を受け取る.
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77 TopologyNode のインスタンスはまず初めにトポロジーマネージャーへ接続を行う.
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78 次にトポロジーマネージャーから受け取った情報を元に別のサーバノードとトポロジーの形成を行う.
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79 その後, 第2引数で渡された StartJungleCodeSegment の実行を行う.
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80 StartJungleCodeSegment には通常のアプリケーションの処理が書かれる.
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81
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82 アプリケーションの起動時にはコンフィグの情報として, トポロジーマネージャーが動いているサーバのドメインとポート番号を
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83 渡す必要がある.
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84 例えば, mass00.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp というサーバ上でポート番号10000を指定してトポロジーマネージャーを
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85 起動した場合は次のようになる(\ref{src:run_program}).
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86 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:run_program,caption=トポロジーマネージャーの利用,numbers=left]
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87 % java Program -host mass00.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp -port 10000
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88 \end{lstlisting}
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89
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90 \section{Alice を用いての分散実装}
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91 Aliceのポロジー形成と他のサーバのデータへのアクセスする機構を用いるためには, Aliceが
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92 提供するプログラミングスタイルに沿わなければならない.
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93 それはDataSegment(データ)とCodeSegment(タスク)によるプログラムである.
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94 ここではまずDataSegmentとCodeSegmentによるプログラムの方法について説明し, 他サーバとの
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95 通信部分の実装について述べる.
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96
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97 \subsection{Alice によるプログラミング}
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98 AliceはDataSegment（データ）とCodeSegment（タスク）単位でプログラミングを行うことを述べた.
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99 CodeSegmentには計算に必要なDataSegmentが登録される.
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100 そしてDataSegmentが準備され次第CodeSegmentによる計算が実行される.
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101 DataSegmentの取得は文字列のキーを使うことで行える.
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102 以下のコードにCodeSegmentの例を示す.
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103 \begin{lstlisting}[frame=lrbt,label=src:syslog_nfconntrack,caption=CodeSegmentの実行,numbers=left]
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104 public class TestCodeSegment extends CodeSegment {
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105 // DataSegment
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106 public Receiver ds = ids.create(CommandType.TAKE);
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107
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108 public TestCodeSegment() {
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109 }
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110
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111 public void run() {
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112 int count = ds.asInteger();
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113 count++;
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114 System.out.println("count = "+count);
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115 if(c > 10) { exit(0); }
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116 CodeSegment cs = new TestCodeSegment();
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117 cs.setKey("count");
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118 ods.update("local", "count", c);
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119 }
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120
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121 public static void main(String[] args) {
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122 CodeSegment cs = new TestCodeSegment();
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123 cs.ds.setKey("local", "count");
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124 cs.ods.update("local", "count", 0);
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125 }
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126 }
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127 \end{lstlisting}
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128 このプログラムは, 数字を1から10まで出力を行い終了する.
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129 コードの説明を行う.
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130 まずTestCodeSegmentというCodeSegmentのインスタンスcsを生成する.
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131 csにはdsというReceiverクラスのフィールドを保持している.
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132 このdsがDataSegmentになる.
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133 次に\verb|ds.setKey|
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134
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135
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136 % Alice の他サーバノードへの"log"のputの問題
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137
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138 \section{ログのシリアライズ}
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139 ここでログのシリアライズについて述べる.
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140
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141 シリアライズとは, データをネットワーク上に流しても良い形式に変換することである.
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142
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143
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144
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145
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146 \section{掲示板プログラムにおけるマージの実装}
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147 Jungle に分散実装を行った後の問題としてデータ衝突がある.
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148 他のサーバノードから送られてくるデータが既に手元で変更を加えた木構造を対象とした
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149 場合に発生する問題である.
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150 Jungle ではこれをアプリケーション毎にマージを実装することで解決させる.
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151
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152 今回分散実装を行い, 例題として掲示板プログラムを用意した.
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153 掲示板プログラムに実装を行ったマージについて述べる.
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154 まず Jungle を用いた掲示板プログラムのデータ保持方法を図\ref{fig:merge2}に示す.
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155 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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156 \begin{center}
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157 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge2.pdf}
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158 \caption{Jungle による掲示板プログラムのデータ保持方法}
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159 \label{fig:merge2}
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160 \end{center}
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161 \end{figure}
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162
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163 掲示板プログラムでは各掲示板毎に1つの木構造が作成される.
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164 掲示板への1つの書き込みは子ノードを1つ追加することに相当する.
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165 また, 各子ノードは attributes として書き込みの内容である message と書き込まれた時間を表す timestamp を保持している.
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166 先に追加された順で子ノードには若い番号が割り振られる.
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167
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168 他サーバノードからの書き込みをそのまま子ノードの後ろに追加してしまうと, データの整合性が崩れてしまう.
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169 この時の状態を表しているのが図\ref{fig:merge_imp1}と\ref{fig:merge_imp2}になる.
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170 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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171 \begin{center}
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172 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge_imp1.pdf}
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173 \caption{他サーバノードの編集データ反映による整合性の崩れ1}
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174 \label{fig:merge_imp1}
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175 \end{center}
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176 \end{figure}
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177
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178 \begin{figure}[htpb]
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179 \begin{center}
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180 \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{figures/merge_imp2.pdf}
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181 \caption{他サーバノードの編集データ反映による整合性の崩れ2}
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182 \label{fig:merge_imp2}
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183 \end{center}
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184 \end{figure}
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185
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186 \newpage
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187
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188 図\ref{fig:merge_imp2}の server node0 の木の状態にするのが理想である.
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189 掲示板のへの書き込みの表示は, 書き込みされた時間が早い順に表示されるようにしたい.
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190 これを timestamp を利用することで行う.
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191 他サーバノードから来たデータに関しては, timestamp を参照し, 次に自分の保持している
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192 木の子ノードの timestamp と比べていくことでデータの追加する場所を決める.
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193 これが今回実装を行った掲示板システムにおけるマージになる.
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194
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195 %単一サーバで動いている時の Jungle はただ子ノードとして後ろに追加するだけだが, 分散
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196 %環境下においては timestamp に従い子ノードを追加する位置を決めるようにする.
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197
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198
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199
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200